中小型智能风力发电机控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 21:02

本文选题：风力发电　切入点：最大风能捕获　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：面对环境日益恶化、全国各地雾霾逐渐严重的现象,风力发电作为清洁能源必将在能源比重中的份额越来越大,成为发电系统中不可缺少的一部分。我国目前虽然在风力发电机组的研制方面取得了巨大的成果。但是目前我国所生产的中小型风力发电机组存在着工作效率低,故障率高等问题,这多是由于机组结构简单,控制方式单一,这就使得其无法很好地应用于微电网与分布式发电中。因此,通过将先进的、可靠的控制技术应用到高性能的中小型智能风力发电机组中,对于提高风力发电机组的发电效率和稳定性具有极大的实际意义。本文首先对风力发电机组的基本理论进行了介绍,探讨了风轮工作特性,针对风电机组的各个组成部分进行了数学建模,并完成了对20kW风力发电机组的线性化数学模型的建立。本文对机组的功率控制策略进行了研究,着重分析了在额定风速以下采用的最大风能捕获控制策略,确定了转矩控制的总体方案,针对本次研制的20kW风力发电机组进行建模与计算,根据传统的最大功率跟踪控制方法转矩曲线法得到了相应的最优模态增益与最大功率跟踪范围,研究了一种基于最优转矩曲线法改进的最大功率跟踪控制策略。最后通过仿真对该最大功率跟踪控制策略的可行性与优越性进行了验证。本文以提高风力发电机组的适用性和稳定性性为目标,针对20kW永磁直驱风力发电机组的主控系统进行研制,以西门子生产的PLC作为主控制器完成了对主控逻辑系统、HMI、变桨距控制器、偏航控制器等部分的设计与制造。为保证机组的正常运行,在实验室完成了对硬件平台的调试。最后通过对风电机组进行实验测试,分析验证了机组的可靠性。同时对改进的最大功率跟踪控制策略下的功率输出与理论值进行对比分析,说明风力发电机组可以高效地进行最大风能捕获,提高了机组的运行效率与稳定性。
[Abstract]:In the face of the worsening of the environment and the serious phenomenon of haze all over the country, wind power, as a clean energy, will become an indispensable part of the power generation system.At present, great achievements have been made in the research and development of wind turbine in China.However, at present, the small and medium-sized wind turbines produced in our country have some problems, such as low working efficiency and high failure rate. This is mostly due to the simple structure of the units and the single control mode.As a result, it can not be well applied to microgrid and distributed generation.Therefore, it is of great practical significance to improve the efficiency and stability of wind turbine generation by applying advanced and reliable control technology to high performance small and medium-sized intelligent wind turbine.In this paper, the basic theory of wind turbine is introduced, and the working characteristics of wind turbine are discussed. The mathematical model of each component of wind turbine is established, and the linearization mathematical model of 20kW wind turbine is established.In this paper, the power control strategy of the unit is studied, and the maximum wind capture control strategy under rated wind speed is emphatically analyzed, and the overall scheme of torque control is determined.According to the torque curve method of the traditional maximum power tracking control method, the optimal modal gain and the maximum power tracking range are obtained for the 20kW wind turbine generator developed in this paper.An improved maximum power tracking control strategy based on the optimal torque curve method is studied.Finally, the feasibility and superiority of the maximum power tracking control strategy are verified by simulation.In order to improve the applicability and stability of wind turbine, the main control system of 20kW permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine is developed in this paper.Taking PLC produced by Siemens as main controller, the design and manufacture of main control logic system (HMI), pitch controller and yaw controller are completed.In order to ensure the normal operation of the unit, the hardware platform was debugged in the laboratory.Finally, the reliability of the wind turbine is verified by the experimental test.At the same time, the power output under the improved maximum power tracking control strategy is compared with the theoretical value, which shows that the wind turbine can efficiently capture the maximum wind energy and improve the operation efficiency and stability of the unit.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM315

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