永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制策略

发布时间：2018-04-17 11:02

本文选题：永磁同步发电机 + 脉振高频注入法　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：由永磁同步电机构成的高性能交流调速系统中,为了能够准确测量电机的转子位置和速度,一般在转子转轴上安装机械式传感器,如位置编码器。该类机械式传感器的使用会带来诸如降低系统可靠性,提高成本等弊端,因此无速度传感器控制技术得到了研究和开发。目前并没有某种单一的无速度控制方法能实现电机在全速范围内的控制,且大多数无速度传感器控制方法是基于对凸极式永磁同步电机的研究,对表贴式永磁同步电机的研究相对较少。本文将表贴式永磁同步电机在低速和高速两种运行状态下的无速度传感器控制方法组成一种复合控制方法,实现电机在全速范围内的控制,通过仿真验证该系统在速度过渡区间能实现平稳、有效切换。首先,建立了永磁同步电机的数学模型。阐述了空间矢量调制技术原理,分析并推导了永磁同步电机电机在各个坐标轴系下的运动方程,并建立了相应的矢量控制仿真模型,对仿真结果进行分析。其次,提出优化型脉振高频电压信号注入法的无速度传感器控制方法。阐述了适用于低速运行的脉振高频电压注入法的基本原理,对该控制方法中各模块的数学模型进行仔细分析,优化其电流信号处理过程,提出优化型脉振高频电压信号注入法的无速度传感器控制方法;搭建优化前后的脉振高频注入法仿真模型并进行对比分析。然后,仿真验证了模型参考自适应在高速段具有良好运行效果。阐述了适用于高速运行的模型参考自适应控制的基本原理,用Popov稳定性原理验证整个自适应系统的稳定性。建立相应的参考自适应仿真模型,通过与有速度传感器控制方法进行对比分析表明模型参考自适应在高速段具有良好电机转速跟踪性能。最后,把脉振高频注入法和模型参考自适应方法进行结合,提出一种复合无速度传感器控制方法,实现电机在全速范围内运行。搭建复合控制方法仿真模型,验证了复合控制的切换过程能平滑,有效的从低速向高速过渡。
[Abstract]:In a high performance AC speed regulating system composed of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), in order to accurately measure the rotor position and speed of the motor, mechanical sensors, such as position encoder, are usually installed on the rotor shaft.The use of this kind of mechanical sensors will bring some disadvantages such as reducing the reliability of the system and increasing the cost, so the speed sensorless control technology has been researched and developed.At present, there is no single speed control method to control the motor in the full speed range, and most speed sensorless control methods are based on the research of salient permanent magnet synchronous motor.There are few researches on surface permanent magnet synchronous motor.In this paper, the sensorless speed sensorless control method of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) at low speed and high speed is composed of a compound control method to realize the control of the motor in the full speed range.The simulation results show that the system can be switched smoothly and effectively in the speed transition region.Firstly, the mathematical model of PMSM is established.In this paper, the principle of space vector modulation is introduced, and the motion equations of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) under various coordinate axes are analyzed and deduced. The corresponding vector control simulation model is established, and the simulation results are analyzed.Secondly, a speed sensorless control method based on the optimized high frequency voltage injection method for pulse vibration is proposed.The basic principle of pulse vibration high frequency voltage injection method suitable for low speed operation is expounded. The mathematical models of each module in this control method are carefully analyzed to optimize the process of current signal processing.A speed sensorless control method for optimal pulse vibration high frequency voltage signal injection method is proposed, and the simulation model of pulse high frequency injection method before and after optimization is built and compared.Then, the simulation results show that the model reference adaptive has good performance in high speed section.The basic principle of model reference adaptive control for high speed operation is described. The stability of the whole adaptive system is verified by Popov stability principle.The corresponding reference adaptive simulation model is established and compared with the speed sensor control method. It is shown that the model reference adaptive control has good speed tracking performance at high speed.Finally, combining the high frequency injection method of pulse vibration with the model reference adaptive method, a composite speed sensorless control method is proposed to realize the motor running in full speed range.The simulation model of compound control method is built to verify that the switching process of composite control is smooth and effective from low speed to high speed.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341

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