基于AVR控制的开关磁阻电机调速系统的研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 05:31

本文选题：开关磁阻电机 + AVR单片机　；参考：《华北电力大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：开关磁阻电机调速系统(Switched Reluctance Motor Drive,SRD)是一种新型交流调速系统。因为其简单坚固的结构和优良的电气性能,广泛用于电气传动相关领域。目前,开关磁阻电机调速系统的主流设计是以数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processing,DSP)为核心控制芯片。比较而言,DSP整体性能优于单片机,不过DSP的成本要大于单片机,并且在一些工况比较恶劣的情况下,DSP的抗干扰性相对单片机要弱一些,所需外围抗干扰电路相对复杂,成本也会增加。综合考虑,在某些工况下基于单片机的开关磁阻电机调速系统可以作为一种方案来替代基于DSP的开关磁阻电机调速系统。本文以工程实现为目的,以AVR单片机为核心,以模拟电路参与实时控制的模数混合电路来控制开关磁阻电机调速系统。研究并设计了22k W三相12/8的开关磁阻调速系统。本文首先研究开关磁阻电机的工作原理。用线性数学模型对电机进行转矩分析和电流分析,并研究电机的控制策略和起动、制动过程。最终采用PWM控制,构建转速电流双闭环可逆调速系统。随后,进行硬件设计和软件设计。在硬件设计部分,又分功率电路设计和控制电路设计。其中功率电路主要研究整流电路,逆变电路,功率半导体开关器件的选择以及相应的驱动电路设计。在控制电路部分,因为电路相对复杂,所以将电路进行模块化分解,用大量的电路图来介绍相关设计。包括:单片机最小系统,位置传感器电路,位置信号通道,电流检测电路,转速电流模拟控制电路,控制信号输出电路,电流保护电路和通讯电路。其中转速电流模拟控制电路为本文的设计核心。在单片机相对DSP运算较慢的情况下,为保证控制的实时性,采用了模拟电路参与控制。很大程度上避开单片机运算速度方面的劣势。由于有转速电流模拟控制电路的设计,所以软件方面的复杂度就降低很多。主要为主程序,速度计算程序和需要用到的中断程序。最后,搭建检测平台,检验工作电流,转矩输出能力,功率输出和系统效率。在低速和高速的条件之下与理论和设计预期相符。并在检测分析中分析了噪声干扰的问题,并提出滤噪的方法。为进一步优化设计提供了方向。
[Abstract]:Switched Reluctance Motor drive system (SRD) is a new AC speed regulation system. Because of its simple and solid structure and excellent electrical performance, it is widely used in electrical transmission related fields. At present, the main design of switched reluctance motor speed regulation system is based on digital signal processor digital Signal processing chip. Comparatively speaking, the overall performance of DSP is better than that of single chip microcomputer, but the cost of DSP is higher than that of single chip, and the anti-jamming ability of DSP is weaker than that of single chip under some bad working conditions, and the peripheral anti-jamming circuit required is relatively complex. Costs will also increase. Considering synthetically, the switched reluctance motor speed regulation system based on single chip microcomputer can be used as a scheme to replace the switched reluctance motor speed regulation system based on DSP. In this paper, the switched reluctance motor (SRM) speed control system is controlled by analog-to-digital hybrid circuit with analog circuit participating in real time control with AVR single chip microcomputer as the core. A 22 kW three-phase 12 / 8 switched reluctance speed regulating system is studied and designed. In this paper, the principle of switched reluctance motor (SRM) is studied. The torque and current of the motor are analyzed by linear mathematical model, and the control strategy and the starting and braking process of the motor are studied. Finally, using PWM control, the speed and current double closed loop reversible speed control system is constructed. Then, the hardware design and software design. In hardware design, power circuit design and control circuit design. The power circuit mainly studies the rectifier circuit, the inverter circuit, the power semiconductor switch device selection and the corresponding drive circuit design. In the part of control circuit, because the circuit is relatively complex, the circuit is decomposed by modularization, and a large number of circuit diagrams are used to introduce the related design. It includes: single chip microcomputer minimum system, position sensor circuit, position signal channel, current detection circuit, speed and current analog control circuit, control signal output circuit, current protection circuit and communication circuit. The speed and current analog control circuit is the core of this paper. In order to ensure the real time of the control, the analog circuit is used to participate in the control when the MCU is slower than DSP. To a large extent to avoid the disadvantages of single-chip computing speed. Because of the design of speed current analog control circuit, the complexity of software is reduced a lot. Mainly for the main program, speed calculation program and need to use interrupt program. Finally, the detection platform is built to test the working current, torque output ability, power output and system efficiency. Under the condition of low speed and high speed, it is in accordance with the theory and design expectation. The problem of noise interference is analyzed in the detection and analysis, and the method of noise filtering is put forward. It provides the direction for further optimization design.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM352

【参考文献】