异步电机功率因数补偿装置的设计

发布时间：2018-04-22 05:38

本文选题：开绕组异步电机 + 功率因数　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：电能作为一种清洁能源,它具有环保、方便、快捷等优点,是国民经济和人民生活的命脉。它在终端能源消耗中所占的比重是衡量一个国家现代化程度的重要标准。电机耗电量约占社会总用电量的64%,在工业控制中电机使用很多,约占工业总耗电量的75%。但异步电机的额定功率因数一般只有0.8左右,在轻载或不均匀负载情况下,电机的功率因数更低,在0.2-0.85之间。因此,提高电机功率因数是改善电能利用率的有效途径之一,为了提高电机运行效率,本文研究了一种能补偿异步电机功率因数的装置。本文通过对异步电机电磁原理及结构的分析,查阅相关文献资料,借鉴了双端逆变器控制电机的拓扑结构和控制方法,研究设计了一种开绕组异步电机功率因数补偿的拓扑结构,借鉴并应用瞬时无功功率的原理和功率因数补偿的控制原理,研究了所设计的异步电机功率因数补偿装置的控制方法。应用MATLAB仿真软件搭建了开绕组异步电机的模型,并搭建了开绕组异步电机的功率因数补偿装置的整体仿真模型,仿真验证了所设计的补偿方法的正确性和可行性;利用Altiumdesigner软件设计了功率因数补偿装置的主电路、控制电路、采样电路和电源电路等硬件电路;以DSPTMS320F28335为核心,结合硬件电路,在CCS3.3中用C语言编写了控制程序,采用SPWM的方法控制所设计的异步电机功率因数补偿装置。本文以0.75kW异步电机搭建的实验平台进行相关实验测试和研究,仿真实验表明:电机在额定电压,25%-125%额定负载下,加功率因数补偿装置后,电机的无功功率趋近零,电机功率因数可以达到1。实验结果表明:电机在使用所设计的功率因数补偿装置后可以实现功率因数补偿的功能;由于在系统硬件和软件设计方面还存在不完善的地方,在额定电压下,50%左右额定负载的情况下异步电机的无功功率会减小,电机的功率因数从原来的0.38提高到0.53左右,功率因数提高15%左右;而额定负载下功率因数改善效果不十分明显。
[Abstract]:As a kind of clean energy, electric energy has the advantages of environmental protection, convenience and rapidity, which is the lifeblood of national economy and people's life. Its proportion in terminal energy consumption is an important measure of a country's modernization. Motor power consumption accounts for about 64% of the total power consumption in the industrial control of motor use a lot, about 75% of the total industrial power consumption. However, the rated power factor of asynchronous motor is generally only about 0.8. Under light load or uneven load, the power factor of induction motor is even lower, ranging from 0.2-0.85. Therefore, improving the power factor of the motor is one of the effective ways to improve the utilization rate of electric energy. In order to improve the efficiency of the motor, a device which can compensate the power factor of the asynchronous motor is studied in this paper. Based on the analysis of the electromagnetic principle and structure of asynchronous motor, and the reference of related literature, the topology structure and control method of two-terminal inverter control motor are used for reference in this paper. A topology of open-winding asynchronous motor power factor compensation is studied and designed. The principle of instantaneous reactive power and the control principle of power factor compensation are used for reference. The control method of power factor compensation device for asynchronous motor is studied. The model of open-winding asynchronous motor is built by using MATLAB simulation software, and the integral simulation model of power factor compensation device of open-winding asynchronous motor is built. The correctness and feasibility of the designed compensation method are verified by simulation. The main circuit, control circuit, sampling circuit and power supply circuit of the power factor compensation device are designed by using Altiumdesigner software, and the control program is written in C language in CCS3.3 with DSPTMS320F28335 as the core and combined with the hardware circuit. The power factor compensation device of asynchronous motor is controlled by SPWM. Based on the experimental platform of 0.75kW induction motor, the simulation results show that the reactive power of the motor approaches zero after adding the power factor compensation device under the rated voltage of 25-125% rated load. The power factor of the motor can reach 1. The experimental results show that the motor can realize the function of power factor compensation after using the designed power factor compensation device, because of the imperfections in the system hardware and software design, When the rated voltage is about 50% of the rated load, the reactive power of the asynchronous motor will be reduced, the power factor of the motor will be increased from 0.38 to 0.53, and the power factor will be increased by about 15%. But under rated load, the improvement effect of power factor is not very obvious.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM343

【参考文献】