异步电动机智能故障诊断系统的研究与应用

发布时间：2018-04-24 23:24

本文选题：异步电动机 + 故障诊断　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：电动机作为一种可以将电能转化为机械能的装置,在工业生产中有着举足轻重的地位,特别是异步电动机作为工业生产中最主要的原动力和驱动装置,其重要性是毋庸置疑的。在煤矿、能源、化工等工业领域当中,大型异步电机更是其核心设备,一旦异步电机出现故障,整个工业运行系统可能会面临全面瘫痪的风险,造成不可预料的经济损失,甚至危及现场工作人员的生命安全。因此异步电动机的故障检测及故障诊断具有重要的研究意义。本文针对异步电动机的状态监测,以PT100、电流互感器、电压互感器、加速度传感器及研华PCI1711等为硬件基础,应用LabVIEW与MATLAB混合编程、C语言编程,开发出异步电机实时状态监测与故障诊断专家系统。系统的数据采集功能主要由现场传感器及研华数据采集卡PCI1711完成,PCI1711是基于PCI总线的高速多功能数据采集卡,可以实现对数字量、模拟量输入输出的控制。信号通过数据采集系统在上位机LabVIEW开发的信号分析系统中进行分析与处理。信号分析系统利用异步电机的转子绕组与定子绕组的感应关系,通过Park变换法对异步电机的三相定子电流进行数据处理,得到定子电流Park变换图,并通过MATLAB编程提取出故障的特征信号。同时,针对转子故障信号微弱时Park变换图不明显的弱点,使用最优抵消法对定子电流作去噪处理,然后进行频谱分析,提取故障频谱的特征信号,得到定子电流频谱图进行辅助判断。对于振动信号,利用虚拟滤波器进行了滤波处理,然后借助MATLAB进行Hilbert变换,并对其做包络分析,得到相应的波形图,提取包络图中的故障特征信号。信号分析系统提取的故障特征信号的数据存放在系统数据库中,通过故障诊断专家系统与知识库中的规则进行比较,最终确定故障结果。专家系统数据库使用Access软件进行开发,通过故障树分析建立知识库,最终由C语言编程完成专家系统的设计,通过LabVIEW的CIN(Code Interface Node)功能节点来实现对专家系统的调用。本课题设计的异步电机智能故障诊断系统经过兖矿集团鲍店煤矿储运车间测试证明,具有良好的实时数据监测和准确的故障诊断能力。设计达到了预期的目标,对煤炭仓储车间的生产安全和优化管理起到了重要的实际意义。
[Abstract]:As a kind of device which can convert electric energy into mechanical energy, motor plays an important role in industrial production, especially asynchronous motor as the main driving force and driving device in industrial production, its importance is beyond doubt. In the coal mine, energy, chemical and other industrial fields, large asynchronous motors are the core equipment. Once the asynchronous motors fail, the entire industrial operation system may face the risk of total paralysis, resulting in unpredictable economic losses. It even endangers the safety of the workers on the spot. Therefore, the fault detection and fault diagnosis of asynchronous motor is of great significance. Based on the hardware of PT100, current transformer, voltage transformer, acceleration sensor and PCI1711, this paper uses LabVIEW and MATLAB to program in C language for the condition monitoring of asynchronous motor. A real-time condition monitoring and fault diagnosis expert system for asynchronous motor is developed. PCI1711 is a high speed multifunction data acquisition card based on PCI bus, which can control the input and output of digital quantity and analog quantity. The signal is analyzed and processed by the data acquisition system in the signal analysis system developed by LabVIEW. The signal analysis system makes use of the induction relation between rotor winding and stator winding of asynchronous motor, and processes the three-phase stator current of asynchronous motor by Park transform method, and obtains the Park transform diagram of stator current. The characteristic signal of fault is extracted by MATLAB programming. At the same time, aiming at the weakness of the Park transform diagram when the rotor fault signal is weak, the stator current is de-noised by the optimal cancellation method, and then the spectrum analysis is carried out to extract the characteristic signal of the fault spectrum. The stator current spectrum diagram is obtained for auxiliary judgment. For the vibration signal, the virtual filter is used to filter the signal, and then the Hilbert transform is carried out with the help of MATLAB, and the corresponding waveform is obtained by the envelope analysis, and the fault characteristic signal is extracted from the envelope diagram. The data of fault feature signals extracted by signal analysis system are stored in the database of the system. The fault results are determined by comparing the fault diagnosis expert system with the rules in the knowledge base. The database of expert system is developed with Access software, and the knowledge base is established by fault tree analysis. Finally, the design of expert system is accomplished by C language programming, and the expert system is called by CIN(Code Interface Node of LabVIEW. The intelligent fault diagnosis system of asynchronous motor designed in this paper is proved to have good real-time data monitoring and accurate fault diagnosis ability by testing the storage and transportation workshop of Baodian Coal Mine of Yankuang Group. The design achieves the expected goal and plays an important practical significance to the production safety and optimization management of the coal storage workshop.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM343

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