动力电池组充放电均衡系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-04-28 10:09

本文选题：电动汽车 + 不一致性　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：电动汽车在节约能源和改善环境方面已受到大众充分的认可。电动汽车的动力源即动力电池组,是决定电动汽车性能的关键要素。电池组由多节电力电池串联而成,为电动汽车提供能量。由于制造和工艺的缺陷,即使同一类型的电池也会存在差异性。此外,在行驶过程中,动力电池会进行多次循环充放电,此过程会导致电池组不一致性的扩大,从而造成个别电池的过充放电。这不仅降低了电池组的寿命,还可能引起安全事故。所以,保证电动汽车电池组的一致性成为了当前电池管理的重中之重。本论文对上述现象展开了一系列的研究和分析。1、从国内外热点、市场导向等方向阐述了新能源电动汽车在环保和能源方面对汽车产业的变革做出的贡献以及未来发展的趋势,分析了动力电池组均衡技术研究的目的和意义。通过比较各种车用电池的优缺点分析了锂动力电池在电动汽车的优越性。通过比较分析国内外均衡拓扑结构和均衡策略的优缺点,重点介绍了非能量耗散型均衡技术的重要性和发展,它不仅提高了电池组的寿命和工作效率,而且在节约能源方面有很大优势。2、通过研究电池的不一致性,分析了锂电池的工作机理和锂电池的重要指标参数,以及这些参数在动力电池外特性上的表现。研究分析了锂动力电池的充放电特性,并根据PNGV电池模型进行了HPPC以及标准充放电实验,通过实验和数据来分析锂动力电池组不一致性的机理和外在参数表现,最终确定了以工作电压作为均衡变量来体现电池组的不一致性。3、根据DC-DC变换型拓扑结构,设计了能量非耗散型储能电感对称均衡拓扑结构。通过分析了该均衡电路的工作原理,设计的结构参数,并对电路和参数进行了仿真验证。在此拓扑结构进行均衡策略的设计,提出充电和驻停两种工况下的均衡策略设计,并对其进行仿真验证。4、在均衡电路理论和仿真的平台上,本文确立了均衡系统的整体方案,完成了个均衡系统的软硬件设计。整个系统分为检测部分、均衡控制部分、均衡执行部分。硬件采用模块化结构设计电路,并在处理器中实现了两种不同工况的均衡策略,其中放电均衡用驻停均衡来模拟。5、搭建实验平台,实现了实验结果与理论要求的匹配。验证了能量非耗散型储能电感对称均衡系统的正确性。
[Abstract]:Electric vehicles are well recognized by the public for saving energy and improving the environment. The power source of electric vehicle, power battery pack, is the key factor to determine the performance of electric vehicle. The battery pack consists of several electric cells in series to provide energy for electric vehicles. Because of manufacturing and process defects, even the same type of battery will be different. In addition, in the driving process, the power cell will carry out several cycles of charge and discharge, which will lead to the expansion of the inconsistency of the battery pack, resulting in the overcharge and discharge of individual cells. This not only reduces the battery life, but also may cause safety accidents. Therefore, to ensure the consistency of electric vehicle batteries has become the top priority of current battery management. In this paper, a series of research and analysis on the above phenomena are carried out, and the contribution of new energy electric vehicles to the change of automobile industry in environmental protection and energy resources and the future development trend are expounded from the hot spots at home and abroad, market orientation, and so on. The purpose and significance of power battery equalization technology are analyzed. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various vehicle batteries, the advantages of lithium-powered batteries in electric vehicles are analyzed. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of equilibrium topology and equalization strategy at home and abroad, the importance and development of non-energy dissipative equalization technology are introduced, which not only improves the battery life and working efficiency, but also improves the efficiency of battery pack. Moreover, it has a great advantage in saving energy. By studying the inconsistency of battery, the working mechanism of lithium battery and the important parameters of lithium battery are analyzed, and the performance of these parameters in the external characteristics of power battery is analyzed. The charge-discharge characteristics of lithium-powered battery are analyzed, and HPPC and standard charge-discharge experiments are carried out according to the PNGV model. The mechanism of the inconsistency and the performance of external parameters are analyzed through the experiments and data. Finally, the working voltage as the equalization variable is determined to reflect the battery pack inconsistency. According to the DC-DC transform topology, the non-dissipative energy storage inductance symmetric equalization topology is designed. The working principle and structural parameters of the equalization circuit are analyzed, and the circuit and parameters are simulated and verified. In this topology, the equilibrium strategy is designed, and the equilibrium strategy is designed under the two working conditions of charging and standing stop, and it is verified by simulation. On the platform of the equalization circuit theory and simulation, the whole scheme of the equalization system is established in this paper. The software and hardware design of an equalization system is completed. The whole system is divided into detection part, balanced control part and balanced executive part. The circuit is designed with modularized structure, and two kinds of equalization strategies are implemented in the processor. The discharge equalization is simulated by standing stop equalization. The experimental platform is built and the experimental results are matched with the theoretical requirements. The correctness of the non-dissipative energy storage inductive symmetric equalization system is verified.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM912

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