风电—质子交换膜燃料电池联合供电系统的特性仿真及能量管理

发布时间：2018-05-05 00:34

本文选题：风力发电 + 质子交换膜燃料电池　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,以化石燃料为基础的能源系统带来了大量问题,如气候变化、空气污染、温室气体排放和对化石燃料的依赖等。人们迫切需要开发可再生的替代能源,并研究其能量转换及储存方法。风电作为一种通用的可再生能源转换装置,因其能量来源广、环境污染小等优点,成为取代传统发电系统的最有潜力的能源形式之一。为了解决风力发电的随机和间歇性问题,将发电量不可控制的风力发电系统与可控的燃料电池组合成联合系统,从而保证系统的供电质量。与目前使用的其他类型的燃料电池相比,质子交换膜燃料电池(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell,PEMFC)具有预热时间短、工作温度低、比功率高和没有电解液泄漏风险等优点。因此采用风电和PEMFC相结合的联合发电系统,成为一种理想的发电方式,对当今世界的能源和环境问题的解决具有理论和现实意义。本文建立在国家自然科学基金资助项目"分布式多元供能系统数学模型与优化控制策略研究"基础上,并结合现有的研究成果,对风电-PEMFC联合供电系统进行了研究。建立了风力发电机组、PEMFC电堆、电解槽、储氢罐、功率转换及控制装置等单元模块的仿真模型,研究了各模块的工作特性。设计了系统的能源管理策略,其控制效果和可行性通过仿真结果得到了验证。文中建立了变速恒频风力发电系统的仿真模型,模型包括风力发电机组、传动装置、双馈感应风力发电机和变流器等多个子模块,以及模拟自然状态的风速模型。详细介绍了风力发电机最大功率跟踪原理以及系统控制原理,针对风电场在渐变风速下的运行特点进行了仿真和分析。详细介绍了 PEMFC的工作原理及组成,在此基础上利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件对其进行了建模及仿真分析,研究了电堆输出电流以及进气温度对系统性能产生的影响,且为满足负载需求建立了 PEMFC的功率转换模型。本文介绍了几种现有的制氢和储氢方式,并对其优劣进行了比较。选用了电解水制氢及活性炭储氢的方式,基于其工作原理建立了电解槽和储氢罐的集总参数模型,并对其性能仿真的结果进行了分析。结合各发电模块的工作特点,设计了风电-PEMFC发电系统的能量管理策略,并在MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台上建立了系统整体的仿真及控制模型。结合风速变化和用户负载变化情况,对系统进行了仿真并验证其可行性。
[Abstract]:At present, fossil fuel-based energy systems bring a lot of problems, such as climate change, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. There is an urgent need to develop renewable alternative energy sources and to study their energy conversion and storage methods. Wind power, as a universal renewable energy conversion device, has become one of the most potential energy forms to replace the traditional power generation system because of its advantages of wide energy sources and low environmental pollution. In order to solve the stochastic and intermittent problem of wind power generation, the uncontrollable wind power generation system and controllable fuel cell are combined into a combined system to ensure the power quality of the system. Compared with other types of fuel cells currently used, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell-PEMFCs have the advantages of short preheating time, low operating temperature, high specific power and no electrolyte leakage risk. Therefore, the combination of wind power and PEMFC becomes an ideal power generation mode, which has theoretical and practical significance to solve the energy and environmental problems in the world today. Based on the research on mathematical model and optimal control strategy of distributed multivariate energy supply system, supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, and combined with the existing research results, this paper studies the wind power-PEMFC combined power supply system. The simulation model of PEMFC stack, electrolytic cell, hydrogen storage tank, power conversion and control device of wind turbine is established, and the working characteristics of each module are studied. The control effect and feasibility of the system are verified by simulation results. The simulation model of variable speed constant frequency wind power generation system is established in this paper. The model includes wind turbine, transmission, doubly-fed induction wind generator and converter, as well as wind speed model to simulate natural state. The maximum power tracking principle and system control principle of wind turbine are introduced in detail. The operation characteristics of wind farm under gradual wind speed are simulated and analyzed. The working principle and composition of PEMFC are introduced in detail. On the basis of this, modeling and simulation analysis of PEMFC are carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, and the effects of output current of stack and inlet air temperature on the performance of the system are studied. The power conversion model of PEMFC is established to meet the load requirement. In this paper, several existing methods of hydrogen production and hydrogen storage are introduced, and their merits and demerits are compared. Based on the working principle, the lumped parameter model of electrolytic cell and hydrogen storage tank is established, and the simulation results of its performance are analyzed. According to the working characteristics of each generation module, the energy management strategy of wind power PEMFC power generation system is designed, and the overall simulation and control model of the system is established on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform. Combined with the change of wind speed and user load, the system is simulated and its feasibility is verified.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM911.4

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