基于电流预测的永磁同步电机矢量控制算法研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 15:48

  本文选题：永磁同步电机 + 矢量控制　； 参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国加快了节能减排和环境保护的步伐,永磁同步电机以其高效节能的优点在现代工业领域得到了广泛应用,但传统直接转矩控制稳态精度低,传统矢量控制动态响应慢,因此研究和发展高性能的永磁同步电机模型预测控制系统在现代工业领域具有重要的实用价值和战略意义。本文以隐极式正弦波永磁同步电机为研究对象,以提高永磁同步电机控制方法的动态响应速度和稳态精度为研究目标,开展了基于传统矢量控制和空间矢量脉宽调制(Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation,SVPWM)的永磁同步电机死区效应在线补偿方法研究和基于电流预测的永磁同步电机矢量控制研究。具体内容如下:以永磁同步电机的基本工作原理为基础,推导了永磁同步电机在三种坐标系下的数学模型。分析了永磁同步电机基于转子磁场定向的矢量控制方法和SVPWM的实现过程,完成了永磁同步电机传统矢量控制系统的计算机仿真验证。针对在电压源型逆变器驱动的永磁同步电机系统中,开关器件的死区效应会导致电机电流畸变,从而引起电机转矩波动和损耗增加的问题,详细推导了死区效应对IGBT导通时间和输出相电压波形的影响,利用反并联二极管的续流特性,并结合永磁同步电机d轴电流给定为零的矢量控制,提出了基于q轴电流误差的死区效应在线补偿方法,所提方法无需电机和逆变器的精确模型,且未增加硬件电路。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证了所提死区补偿策略能够较好地改善死区效应。为提高永磁同步电机的动静态性能,将模型预测与传统矢量控制相结合,以电流预测控制取代矢量控制中的电流PI环,完成了基于电流预测的永磁同步电机矢量控制研究。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证了单矢量电流预测控制、双矢量电流预测控制和无差拍电流预测控制在提高动态响应速度和稳态精度方面的优越性,其中无差拍电流预测控制的动态响应速度最快且稳态精度最高。最后,在小功率永磁同步电机实验平台上,对传统死区补偿方法与本文提出的在线补偿方法进行了对比实验研究,验证了本文提出的死区效应在线补偿方法可有效降低死区效应引起的电机转速波动和定子电流畸变,提高电流正弦度,减小电机转速稳态波动;对传统矢量控制和无差拍电流预测控制进行了对比实验研究,验证了无差拍电流预测控制较传统矢量控制相比,具有更快的动态响应速度和更高的稳态精度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China has accelerated the pace of energy saving and environmental protection. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been widely used in the field of modern industry because of its advantages of high efficiency and energy saving, but the steady-state precision of traditional direct torque control is low. The dynamic response of traditional vector control is slow, so the research and development of high performance PMSM model predictive control system has important practical value and strategic significance in the field of modern industry. In this paper, the aim of this paper is to improve the dynamic response speed and steady-state precision of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control method by taking the hidden pole sinusoidal permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) as the research object. Based on the traditional vector control and space vector pulse width modulation space Vector Pulse Width modulation (SVPWM), the dead time compensation method of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and the vector control of PMSM based on current prediction are studied. The main contents are as follows: based on the basic principle of PMSM, the mathematical models of PMSM in three coordinate systems are derived. The vector control method of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on rotor flux orientation and the realization process of SVPWM are analyzed. The computer simulation of the traditional vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor is completed. In the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system driven by voltage source inverter, the dead-time effect of switching device will lead to the current distortion of the motor, which will lead to the increase of torque ripple and loss. In this paper, the influence of dead-time effect on IGBT conduction time and output phase voltage waveform is deduced in detail. Using the recurrent characteristics of anti-parallel diodes and the vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with zero d-axis current, the DC current of PMSM is given to zero. An on-line compensation method for dead-time effect based on q-axis current error is proposed. The proposed method does not require accurate models of motor and inverter and does not add hardware circuits. The MATLAB/Simulink simulation shows that the proposed dead-time compensation strategy can improve the dead-time effect. In order to improve the static and static performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the current Pi loop of PMSM is replaced by the current predictive control (CPC) instead of the current Pi loop by combining the model prediction with the traditional vector control, and the vector control of PMSM based on current prediction is completed. The advantages of single vector current predictive control, double vector current predictive control and non-beat current predictive control in improving dynamic response speed and steady-state accuracy are verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation. The dynamic response speed and the steady-state precision of the non-beat current predictive control are the fastest and the highest. Finally, on the experimental platform of low power permanent magnet synchronous motor, the traditional dead-time compensation method is compared with the online compensation method proposed in this paper. It is verified that the online compensation method of dead-time effect can effectively reduce motor speed fluctuation and stator current distortion caused by dead-time effect, increase sinusoidal current and reduce steady state fluctuation of motor speed. Compared with the traditional vector control and the non-beat current predictive control, the experimental results show that the non-beat current predictive control has faster dynamic response speed and higher steady-state precision than the traditional vector control.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341

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