风电机组变速恒频液力调速系统研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 23:22

本文选题：变速恒频 + 风电机组　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：由于能源短缺和环境问题的日益严重,可再生能源的开发利用受到世界各国的广泛关注。随着可再生能源技术的迅猛发展,风力发电技术日趋成熟,风电机组装机总量不断增加。传统的变速恒频风电机组需要使用变频器才能并网发电,存在齿轮箱故障率高、变频技术复杂等问题。由于单机容量的不断增大,其可靠性降低,平均故障维修时间增长;又由于故障增多,机组安装维护成本不断增加。传统的变速恒频风电机组制造、安装及运营维护已经遇到了瓶颈。为避免变频器给变速恒频风电机组带来的不利因素,满足日益严格的风电机组并网要求,提高风电机组的可靠性并延长其使用寿命,已经出现了基于液力调速技术的变速恒频风电机组。风电机组液力调速系统通过自动调节可调导轮叶片实现同步发电机恒转速运行,保证机组发电频率恒定,直接产生高质量的电能。其中导叶可调式液力变矩器在整个传动链中起控制和阻尼作用,能够减小系统的动态转矩波动,抑制传动系统的冲击载荷。液力调速风电机组具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、可靠性高等优势。本文依托教育部高等学校博士学科点专项基金“风电机组导叶可调液力机械调速系统研究”(20100061120057),深入研究了变速恒频风电机组中的液力调速系统,主要研究工作和相关结论如下。1.导叶可调式液力变矩器是风电液力调速系统实现变速恒频的核心控制元件。为研究导叶可调式液力变矩器的内特性,设计并制作了透明导叶可调式液力变矩器。采用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)方法,分析了不同开度下导叶可调式液力变矩器的内部流动规律,并进行了粒子跟踪测速(Particle Tracking Velocimetry)试验,验证了CFD仿真结果的准确性和精度。通过CFD计算得到了导叶可调式液力变矩器的内特性、外特性和导叶调节特性,为导叶可调式液力变矩器作为控制元件应用于液力调速系统奠定了基础。2.对实现风电机组变速恒频功能的风电液力调速系统进行研究。根据液力调速装置的转速转矩方程,得到其整体传动效率以及导叶可调式液力变矩器传递功率占液力调速装置输入功率的比例。以导叶可调式液力变矩器的泵轮输入功率与液力调速装置的输入功率比值小于30%为目标,设计了循环圆有效直径D=425mm的导叶可调式液力变矩器;根据其CFD数值仿真结果,得到了其不同开度下的原始特性,建立了导叶可调式液力变矩器的数学模型。考虑到样机的制造成本,设计了行星排参数1?=2、2?=5和变矩器循环圆有效直径D=425mm的300k W风电液力调速功能样机。3.相似放大相同原始特性的循环圆有效直径D=425mm导叶可调式液力变矩器,研究了工程实际应用的2MW风电液力调速系统。结合风电机组液力调速装置的数学模型,计算得到了循环圆有效直径D=800mm,行星排参数1?=2和2?=4的风电液力调速装置的运行特性。根据风电液力调速装置的运行特性,对影响液力调速装置调速范围及效率的行星排参数1?和2?以及导叶可调式液力变矩器循环圆有效直径D进行了分析。制定了结构参数选取的原则,优化后的2MW风电液力调速装置行星排参数为1?=2和2?=5,循环圆有效直径为D=750mm。4.根据2MW变速恒频风电机组的运行特点,结合开闭环控制,提出并设计了采用频率切换策略的液力调速双模控制系统。建立了2MW液力调速装置控制系统仿真模型,对液力调速过程进行了动态仿真。由于试制的样机为300k W,所以采用同样的理论和方法,对风电液力调速功能样机运行特性进行了分析。基于样机参数,建立了样机的控制系统仿真模型并进行仿真模拟。仿真结果表明,双模控制系统能够精确控制同步发电机转速,并具有较快的响应速度。5.为检验风电液力调速装置的调速性能,验证所提出的双模控制系统的实际控制效果,对300k W风电液力调速功能样机进行了试验研究。试验测试了开环、闭环和双模控制三种不同控制算法下,风电液力调速装置的调速效果。试验结果表明,双模控制算法将开环控制与闭环控制相结合,提高了控制系统的响应速度和控制精度,实现了风电液力调速装置输出转速的快速精确控制。将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了控制系统仿真模型的正确性。
[Abstract]:As the energy shortage and environmental problems are becoming more and more serious, the development and utilization of renewable energy are widely concerned in all countries. With the rapid development of renewable energy technology, wind power generation technology is becoming mature and the total amount of wind turbine assembly machines is increasing. There are many problems such as high failure rate of gear box and complex frequency conversion technology. Due to the increasing of single machine capacity, its reliability is reduced, the average maintenance time increases, and the cost of installation and maintenance is increasing because of the increase of failure. The traditional variable speed constant frequency wind turbine has encountered a bottleneck in the installation and operation and maintenance. The device gives the unfavorable factors to the variable speed constant frequency wind turbine, meets the increasingly strict requirements of the wind turbine grid, improves the reliability of the wind turbine and prolongs its service life. The variable speed constant frequency wind turbine has appeared on the basis of hydraulic speed regulation technology. The hydraulic speed regulation system of the wind turbine is synchronized by adjusting the blade of adjustable guide wheel automatically. The generator is running at constant speed to ensure that the generating frequency of the generator is constant and produces high quality electric energy directly. The adjustable torque converter of the guide blade can control and dampen the whole transmission chain, and can reduce the dynamic torque ripple of the system and suppress the impact load of the transmission system. The hydraulic turbine has small volume, light weight and cost. In this paper, based on the special fund of the doctoral discipline of the Ministry of education, "Research on the adjustable hydraulic speed regulating system for wind turbine guide blades" (20100061120057), the hydraulic speed regulating system in the variable speed constant frequency wind turbine is deeply studied. The main research work and the related conclusions are as follows:.1. tunable hydraulic torque converter. In order to study the internal characteristics of the adjustable torque converter with the guide blade, the transparent guide blade adjustable torque converter is designed and manufactured. The internal flow law of the adjustable hydraulic torque converter with different opening is analyzed by using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method. The Particle Tracking Velocimetry test was carried out to verify the accuracy and accuracy of the simulation results of the CFD. The internal characteristics, external characteristics and regulating characteristics of the guide vanes were obtained by CFD calculation, which laid the foundation for the application of the pilot blade adjustable hydraulic torque converter as the control element to the hydraulic speed control system. According to the speed torque equation of the hydraulic speed regulating device, the whole transmission efficiency and the ratio of the transfer power of the adjustable torque converter to the input power of the hydraulic speed regulating device are obtained according to the speed torque equation of the hydraulic speed regulating device, and the input of the pump wheel of the adjustable hydraulic torque converter with the guide blade is input.2.. The input power ratio of the power and hydraulic speed control device is less than 30%. The adjustable hydraulic torque converter is designed for the guide vane of the circular circle D=425mm. According to its CFD numerical simulation results, the original characteristics under the different opening are obtained, and the mathematical model of the adjustable hydraulic torque converter is established. A 300K W wind electric hydraulic speed regulating function prototype of the planetary row parameters 1? =2,2? =5 and the circulating circle circle of the torque converter is designed. The circulating effective diameter D=425mm guide blade adjustable torque converter with the same original characteristic of the same original characteristic of the 300K W wind power speed regulating function prototype with the same original characteristics is designed. The hydraulic speed regulating system of the 2MW wind power system applied in the engineering is studied. The hydraulic speed regulating assembly of the wind turbine is combined with the wind turbine. The operating characteristics of the wind electric hydraulic speed regulating device of the effective diameter D=800mm, 1? =2 and 2? =4 for the circular circle are calculated. According to the operating characteristics of the wind power hydraulic speed regulating device, the planetary parameters of the speed regulating range and the efficiency of the hydraulic speed regulating device are 1? And 2? And the circulatory circle of the adjustable hydraulic torque converter with the guide blade The effect diameter D is analyzed. The principle of the selection of structural parameters is formulated. The optimized parameters of the planetary row of the 2MW wind turbine speed regulating device are 1? =2 and 2? =5. The effective diameter of the circular circle is D=750mm.4. based on the operating characteristics of the 2MW variable speed constant frequency wind turbine, combined with the open closed loop control, and the hydraulic speed regulating dual of the frequency switching strategy is proposed and designed. The simulation model of the control system of the 2MW hydraulic speed control device is set up. The dynamic simulation of the hydraulic speed control process is carried out. The prototype is 300K W, so the same theory and method is used to analyze the operating characteristics of the wind power hydraulic speed regulating function prototype. Based on the prototype parameters, the simulation of the control system of the prototype is established. The simulation results show that the dual mode control system can accurately control the speed of the synchronous generator, and has a fast response speed of.5. to test the speed regulation performance of the wind power hydraulic speed control device, verify the actual control effect of the proposed dual mode control system and test the 300K W wind power hydraulic speed regulating function prototype. The experimental results show that the dual mode control algorithm combines open loop control and closed loop control, which improves the response speed and control precision of the control system, and realizes the speed of the output speed of the wind power hydraulic speed control device. The test results are tested under three different control algorithms of open loop, closed loop and double mode control. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results to verify the correctness of the simulation model of the control system.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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