具有高机械稳定性和高导电能力的柔性导电材料的制备与应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 21:17

本文选题：柔性导体 + 材料柔性　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：柔性导体,一种在机械形变情况下依然可以保持导电的电极材料,目前在可穿戴设备、能源器件、电子皮肤、健康监测设备等领域具有非常广阔的应用前景。本论文根据“材料柔性”和“结构柔性”两种策略,分别在材料与结构方面引入柔性,从而制备出具有高机械稳定性、高导电能力的柔性导体。材料柔性,是利用材料自身的柔性,使得制备出的柔性导体具有优异的机械灵活性。结构柔性,就将拉伸性能低的材料制备成具有可拉伸结构,从而实现柔性导体。为了验证以上两种策略和开发出具有高机械稳定性和高导电能力的柔性导体,在本毕业论文中,我们研发了聚合物辅助的微流原位无电沉积制备金属图案化技术、三维柔性导电金属硅橡胶海绵和液态金属导电海绵,并将所制备的柔性导体成功运用于柔性电路的构筑与应用。具体内容主要包括以下三个方面:第一,我们研发了基于聚合物辅助的微流原位无电沉积方法,在柔性基底(苯二甲酸乙酯(PET)薄膜)上制备多种金属图案,并将其成功应用于制备具有高导电性的柔性电路的研究。在实验中,我们在PET基底上分别制备出Cu-PET,Ag-PET和Ni-PET金属图案,且得到的金属图案具有极高导电性和优异的机械灵活性。其中,Cu-PET,Ag-PET和Ni-PET金属图案的电导率分别为3.0×107 S/m、5.2×107 S/m和1.0×107 S/m。所制制备的金属图案具有极高的可弯曲柔性。实验结果表明,金属图案在不同的弯曲曲率半径下弯曲循环5000次,仍然表现出稳定的导电性。基于金属图案的LED电路实验和时间稳定性测试,进一步证明了在PET基底上制备的金属结构具有较高的耐氧化性和实用性。该方法同时还具有成本低、设备简单、污染小、制备条件温和等特点,具有可工业化生产的前景。第二,基于聚合物辅助无电沉积法和“结构柔性”的策略,我们在三维弹性结构(如硅橡胶海绵)基底上制备了金属涂层,得到了三维可拉伸、可压缩、可弯曲的金属柔性导体。实验首先在硅橡胶(PDMS)海绵表面通过聚合物改性,离子交换、金属无电沉积等步骤,制备出多种金属PDMS海绵。在本论文研究中,我们成功地制备了Cu-,Ag/Cu-和Au/Cu-PDMS导电海绵。通过检测其在拉伸、压缩和弯曲状态下的电阻变化,我们发现了该三维导电海绵具有极高的机械灵活性和稳定性。金属PDMS海绵导体在重复循环拉伸和压缩(高达5000次)形变下,电阻几乎保持恒定。为了进一步证明其实际使用能力,实验通过构筑以三维金属导电海绵为导体的发光二极管(LED)电路,成功验证了其导电性、稳定性及机械灵活性。第三,为了构筑一种全软的三维导体,我们研发了一种基于液态金属的弹性海绵。液态金属(GaIn Sn)在室温条件下是液态,可流动且无固定形状。本研究中将液态金属注入到硅橡胶海绵内,形成三维互通的液态金属海绵。该方法可被认为是基于“材料与结构皆柔性”的策略。3D多孔互连弹性PDMS海绵作为储存和支持液态GaInSn金属的3D骨架,整个导体表现出高的机械灵活性,当导体变成不同形状,其仍能够保持极高的导电性。实验通过加载量不同的液态金属到不同形状的PDMS海绵上,制备得到具有可控电导率的导体,最高可达1.62 x104 S/cm,接近GaInSn的导电率。实验还进一步研究液态金属-PDMS海绵的拉伸性和抗疲劳性。实验结果表明,该导体的电阻在50%拉伸应变下和10000次拉伸循环下几乎恒定不变。实验最后,成功地实现了由GaInSn-PDMS海绵导体与发光二极管灯组装成的电路应用。
[Abstract]:Flexible conductor, a kind of electrode material that still can maintain electrical conductivity in the condition of mechanical deformation, has a very broad application prospect in the fields of wearable equipment, energy devices, electronic skin, health monitoring equipment and so on. In this paper, the material and structure are introduced according to the two strategies of "material flexibility" and "structural flexibility". Flexible conducting flexible conductors with high mechanical stability and high conductivity. Material flexibility is to make use of the flexibility of the material itself to make the flexible conductor with excellent mechanical flexibility. In the last two strategies and the development of flexible conductors with high mechanical stability and high conductivity, we developed a polymer assisted microflow in situ electroless deposition for the preparation of metal patterned technology, a three-dimensional flexible conducting metal silicon rubber sponge and a liquid metal conductive sponge, and the successful operation of the prepared flexible conductors. The construction and application of flexible circuits mainly include the following three aspects: first, we developed a polymer assisted microfluidic in situ electroless deposition method to prepare a variety of metal patterns on a flexible base (PET) film and successfully apply it to the preparation of a flexible circuit with high conductivity. In the experiment, we have prepared Cu-PET, Ag-PET, and Ni-PET metal patterns on the PET substrate, and the metal patterns obtained have high conductivity and excellent mechanical flexibility. Among them, the conductivity of the Cu-PET, Ag-PET and Ni-PET metal patterns is 3 * 107 S/m, 5.2 * 107 S/m and 1 x 107 S/m. respectively. The experimental results show that the metal patterns bend 5000 times under different curvature radius and still exhibit stable conductivity. The metal pattern based LED circuit experiment and time stability test further prove that the metal structure prepared on the PET substrate has high oxidation resistance and practicability. The method also has the characteristics of low cost, simple equipment, small pollution and mild preparation conditions. Second, based on the strategy of polymer assisted electroless deposition and "structural flexibility", we have prepared a metal coating on the three dimensional elastic structure (such as silicone rubber sponge) and obtained a three-dimensional stretch. Compressible, flexiable metal flexible conductors. Experiments were made to prepare a variety of metal PDMS sponges on the surface of silicone rubber (PDMS) sponge through polymer modification, ion exchange, metal electroless deposition and other steps. In this paper, we successfully prepared Cu-, Ag/Cu- and Au/Cu-PDMS conductive sponges. By detecting it in tension, compression and bending The resistance changes in the curved state show that the three-dimensional conductive sponge has high mechanical flexibility and stability. The resistance of the metal PDMS sponge is almost constant under the repeated cycle stretching and compression (up to 5000 times). In order to further prove its practical use, the experiment is constructed by a three-dimensional metal conductive sponge. The electrical conductivity, stability and mechanical flexibility of the conductor (LED) circuit have been successfully verified. Third, in order to build a fully soft three-dimensional conductor, we developed an elastic sponge based on liquid metal. The liquid metal (GaIn Sn) is liquid, fluidity and no fixed shape at room temperature. In this study, liquid gold is in the study. It is injected into the silicon rubber sponge to form a three-dimensional interworking liquid metal sponge. This method can be considered based on the "flexible material and structure" strategy.3D porous interconnect elastic PDMS sponge as the 3D skeleton for storing and supporting the liquid GaInSn metal, the whole conductor shows high mechanical flexibility, and when the conductor becomes different shape, it is still in different shapes. The experimental results show that the tensile and anti fatigue properties of the liquid metal -PDMS sponge are further studied. The experimental results show that the conductivity and fatigue resistance of the liquid metal -PDMS sponge are further studied by loading different liquid metals into different shapes of PDMS sponges. The conductivity is up to 1.62 x104 S/cm, close to the conductivity of GaInSn. The resistance of the conductor is almost invariable under 50% tensile strain and 10000 tension cycles. At the end of the experiment, the circuit application composed of GaInSn-PDMS sponge conductor and light emitting diode lamp is successfully realized.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM24

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