基于单片机的沼气与光热互补供电控制系统设计

发布时间：2018-05-21 10:32

  本文选题：沼气发电 + 光热发电　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人类科技的进步,用电设备被人类广泛应用,电力已然成为了人类在生产和生活过程中最重要的能源形式。从用电设备出现时开始,发电方式便是以火力发电为主。虽然电力的出现为人类文明进步做出了巨大贡献,但从第二次工业革命开始至今,煤炭等矿物能源因过度开采而日渐枯竭。随着能源危机的逼近以及生态环境的日益恶化,清洁可再生能源的开发和利用成为了人类解决能源和生态问题的最主要途径。在这样的背景下,以太阳能光热发电为主以沼气发电相辅助的混合供电模式能够满足当下的能源趋势,但是太阳能发电与沼气发电形式迥异,若想使两种完全不同的发电形式能够协调工作,则必须要有一套智能控制系统对混合供电的过程进行调节和控制,以保证混合供电系统的安全稳定运行。本文设计了一套沼气与光热互补供电控制系统,借助此控制系统来保证沼气与光热混合供电过程的稳定运行。本文首先叙述了课题的研究背景,阐述了开发清洁能源的必要性,简述了太阳能、沼气以及两种能源互补的应用情况,并对电源自动切换装置的利用情况进行了描述。说明了本文所研究内容的实际意义。接下来又介绍了沼气发电系统和光热发电系统,对沼气与光热互补供电系统的结构进行设计,并说明控制系统在整个供电过程中所要执行的操作;对供电控制系统进行了设计,并阐明了所设计控制系统各个部分的作用及工作过程。本文设计的控制系统以STC89C52单片机为核心,硬件设计部分设计了沼气与光热互补供电控制系统中由晶振电路和复位电路组成的基本单片机电路,同时对信号采集模块、自动控制模块、手动控制模块、显示模块以及报警模块的硬件进行设计并详细阐述各个模块的构成及功能。在对各个模块进行设计后,将各个模块通过protel软件进行整体的拼接和设计。之后,对控制系统整体进行PCB板的设计,使各个模块在PCB板上有合理的位置。最后,对PCB板进行实体焊接。在设计软件部分时,本文首先阐述了模块化设计的思想,接下来对沼气与光热互补供电控制系统的主程进行了设计,并阐述了在系统的控制过程中主程序软件的工作流程,然后对电压检测算法进行了选择,最后对控制系统各个模块的软件及其工作流程进行了设计。在仿真过程中,本文在模拟出沼气与光热供电系统电压信号的前提下,通过使用Proteus软件,对所设计的控制系统的自动控制部分进行仿真,通过观察和对比仿真结果可知自动控制部分达到设计目的。最后,本文在末尾对全文做出了总结,并对沼气与光热互补供电系统的发展前景做出了展望,同时,对本文在设计过程中还存在的不足进行了阐述,说明了下一步需要深入研究和设计的内容和方向。
[Abstract]:With the progress of human science and technology, electric equipment is widely used, electric power has become the most important energy form in the process of production and life. From the emergence of electrical equipment, power generation is mainly thermal power generation. Although the emergence of electric power has made great contribution to the progress of human civilization, since the beginning of the second industrial revolution, coal and other mineral energy sources have been exhausted as a result of over-exploitation. With the approaching of the energy crisis and the worsening of the ecological environment, the development and utilization of clean and renewable energy has become the most important way to solve the energy and ecological problems. In this context, the hybrid power supply mode, which is mainly composed of solar photothermal power generation and biogas power generation, can meet the current energy trend, but solar power generation is very different from biogas power generation. If two completely different forms of power generation can work harmoniously, it is necessary to have an intelligent control system to regulate and control the process of hybrid power supply, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the hybrid power supply system. In this paper, a set of biogas and photothermal complementary power supply control system is designed, with the help of this control system to ensure the stable operation of biogas and photothermal power supply process. This paper first describes the research background of the subject, expounds the necessity of developing clean energy, briefly describes the application of solar energy, biogas and two kinds of energy complementary, and describes the utilization of the automatic switching device of power supply. The practical significance of the content of this paper is explained. Then the biogas power generation system and the photothermal power generation system are introduced. The structure of the biogas and photothermal complementary power supply system is designed, and the operation of the control system in the whole power supply process is explained, and the power supply control system is designed. The function and working process of each part of the designed control system are expounded. The control system designed in this paper is based on STC89C52 single chip microcomputer. In the hardware design part, the basic single-chip microcomputer circuit is designed, which is composed of crystal oscillator circuit and reset circuit in the biogas and photothermal complementary power supply control system. At the same time, the signal acquisition module is designed. The hardware of automatic control module, manual control module, display module and alarm module are designed and the constitution and function of each module are described in detail. After the design of each module, the whole splicing and design of each module is carried out through protel software. After that, the PCB board of the whole control system is designed so that each module has a reasonable position on the PCB board. Finally, the PCB plate is welded by solid welding. In the part of software design, this paper first describes the idea of modular design, then designs the main process of the biogas and photothermal complementary power supply control system, and describes the main program software workflow in the control process of the system. Then the voltage detection algorithm is selected. Finally, the software and workflow of each module of the control system are designed. In the simulation process, on the premise of simulating the voltage signal of biogas and photothermal power supply system, the automatic control part of the designed control system is simulated by using Proteus software. By observing and comparing the simulation results, it can be seen that the automatic control part achieves the purpose of the design. Finally, at the end of this paper, the paper summarizes the full text, and prospects for the development of biogas and photothermal complementary power supply system. At the same time, the shortcomings of this paper in the design process are described. The content and direction of further research and design are explained.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM61
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本文编号：1918847