大范围太阳光跟踪系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-05-27 13:23

本文选题：太阳能 + 光电追踪　；参考：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：太阳光的照射角度对光电池的效率具有显著的影响,在太阳能聚焦系统中也对太阳光照射角度有严格的要求,因此设计能够实现实时追踪的太阳光追踪系统具有非常重要的意义。现在主要流行的追踪方式有视日运动轨迹追踪和光电追踪,追踪机构多选用高度角-方位角双轴追踪装置。光电追踪具有定位精度高,追踪灵活,价格较低的优点。本文根据目前太阳光追踪的现状,设计了一种采用光电追踪方式、基于高度角-方位角双轴机械结构的追踪系统。本系统控制器选用基于AR M内核的STM32F103控制器,利用光电传感器、步进电机、追踪机构实现对太阳光的追踪。本文主要做了一下几方面的工作:本文研究了太阳光追踪的几种方式及在高度角-方位角追踪方式中太阳的定位问题。通过几种追踪方式的比较,结合理论知识和前人的研究成果,提出了新型三电池定位追踪和模拟太阳光轨迹的追踪方式,最终确定了系统的三电池定位的实现方案。同时,完成整个系统硬件电路部分和软件编程部分,具体包括:1.硬件部分首先介绍了单片机、P CB电路板、光电池的原理等概念性知识,接着介绍了S TM32最小系统的组成和工作原理,最后重点介绍了本系统包括的几个模块:电压采集模块,电机控制模块,上位机模块。给出各个模块的原理图,并对每个模块的工作原理和功能加以详述。2.软件部分首先介绍了系统软件的运行环境,给出了系统软件开发的流程图,接着对系统软件的组成模块:系统的初始化,触摸屏模块,串口通信模块,太阳光采集模块,电机模块等的设计思路加以详述。本文最后介绍了系统调试的过程和有关结果,对实验采集结果,运行情况进行研究,提出了精度测量的方法。验证表明硬件和软件调试都达到设计要求,系统追踪效果良好。
[Abstract]:The solar irradiation angle has a significant effect on the efficiency of the photocell, and it has strict requirements in the solar focusing system. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a solar tracking system that can realize real-time tracking. At present, the main tracking methods are tracking the track of the sun motion and optoelectronic tracking, and the biaxial tracking device of height angle and azimuth angle is often used in the tracking mechanism. Photoelectric tracking has the advantages of high positioning accuracy, flexible tracking and low price. According to the current situation of solar tracing, a tracking system based on the biaxial mechanical structure of height angle and azimuth is designed in this paper. In this system, the STM32F103 controller based on AR M kernel is used to realize the tracking of solar light by using photoelectric sensor, step motor and tracking mechanism. In this paper, several aspects of work are mainly done: this paper studies several ways of solar tracing and the positioning of the sun in the way of altitude angle-azimuth tracing. Based on the comparison of several tracking methods, combined with theoretical knowledge and previous research results, a new type of three-cell positioning tracking and simulating solar track tracking method is proposed. Finally, the realization scheme of the three-cell positioning system is determined. At the same time, complete the whole system hardware circuit and software programming part, including: 1. The hardware part first introduces the concept knowledge of MCU PCB circuit board and photocell, then introduces the composition and working principle of S TM32 minimum system. Finally, the paper introduces several modules of this system: voltage acquisition module. Motor control module, upper computer module. The schematic diagram of each module is given, and the working principle and function of each module are described in detail. The software part first introduces the running environment of the system software, gives the flow chart of the system software development, and then the system software component modules: system initialization, touch screen module, serial communication module, solar light acquisition module. The design idea of motor module is described in detail. At the end of this paper, the process of system debugging and the related results are introduced. The experimental results and operation are studied, and the method of precision measurement is put forward. Verification shows that both hardware and software debugging meet the design requirements, and the system tracking effect is good.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914;TK513.4

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