家庭微电网控制与应用系统设计

发布时间：2018-05-28 08:57

本文选题：微电网 + 可再生能源　；参考：《成都理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着微电网技术、可再生能源发电技术、智能储电技术的发展,尤其是太阳能、风能和生物质能为主的可再生能源发电技术以及以蓄电池技术和超级电容技术为主的储电技术的发展,针对公共供电网普遍存在的生活用电中白天用电峰值时负载过大,夜晚用电低谷电力被浪费的现象,在深入分析国内外微电网发展动态及我国微电网发展现状和方向的基础上,设计了家庭微电网控制与应用系统。系统集发电模块、储能模块、控制模块和应用模块于一体。通过家庭微电网的电池墙进行电网负载调节,在用电低谷时存储电能,提高电网使用效率,同时结合迅速发展的可再生能源发电技术,收集太阳能、风能等间断时间的发电,经蓄电池、超级电容进行存储,最后向以LED灯为代表的节能用电设备提低压、可调控的直流电源,尤其是超级电容可向负载瞬时提供较大电流,以满足充电桩之类的瞬间大电流需求场合的应用。系统的特点主要包括:利用昼夜供电的峰谷特征,夜晚低价购电并存储,既改善了国家电网24小时供电的均衡负载分布,提高电力资源的利用率,也为用户节省了电费;利用用户屋顶上安装的太阳能光伏发电板、用户墙体和窗户上安装的玻璃光伏发电板采集日照时的太阳能并存储;利用新型锂电池和超级电容作为电能的储能设备做成电池墙,既节省了墙体材料和电池的放置空间,又达到储能蓄电目的;利用国家大力推广的直流、低压、节能负载作为微电网的负载,便于电源的管理、监测和使用;利用数字控制技术进行用户负载的电压/电流监测和管理,还可在微电网电量充余的情况下,向其他用户输出供电,通过用户售电增加用户收益来降低用户投入成本,推动微电网的发展。在硬件设计方面,系统选用太阳能光伏板作为家庭微电网的电力来源,选用12V锂电池与单体2.7V超级电容设计电路构成电池墙,作为家庭微电网的储电设备;选用Altera公司的EP4CE10E22C8N芯片作为控制系统的硬件,完成自动合理连接电力来源与储能设备之间关系的功能及电压选择输出与电压档位调节功能;选用微处理芯片STC89C5A60S2作为家庭微电网应用模块控制器实现电压与电流的测量。应用WiFi技术实现太阳能光伏板与储能设备以及储能设备与微处理器的通信与控制,应用光电耦合技术实现控制系统对储能设备和电力来源匹配的自动开关控制功能以及电压输出档位的自动开关控制功能,应用模数转换技术实现将模拟电压数据通过微处理器以数字电压形式显示的功能。在软件设计方面,控制系统软件开发借助硬件描述语言verilog在Altera公司综合性PLD/FPGA开发软件Quartus II中编程实现,内容包括:通过并行传输方式实现四位电源控制信号的读取以及四位电源控制信号的控制功能;通过研究串口数据字符传输格式及串口传输速率,编程实现将50MHz的FPGA芯片与数据传输速率为9600Bd/s的WiFi模块利用串口进行通信;通过串口传输方式编程实现输出电压档位选择与输出电压大小选择功能。通过对FPGA控制模块串口收发数据和电源控制使用专业EDA仿真工具ModelSim进行仿真,对微处理模块模数转换和电压显示使用Proteus进行仿真,以及对移动终端的功能进行测试,验证各模块达到预期设计的功能。测试表明,达到了家庭微电网控制与应用系统的预定设计要求。
[Abstract]:With the development of the micro grid technology, renewable energy generation technology and intelligent storage technology, especially the renewable energy technology based on solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy, and the development of storage and electric storage technology based on battery technology and super capacitor technology, the peak value of daytime power consumption in living electricity is common in public power supply grid. When the load is too large and the electric power is wasted at night, the family microgrid control and application system is designed on the basis of the in-depth analysis of the development of micro grid at home and abroad and the development and direction of China's micro grid. The system integrates the power generation module, energy storage module, control module and Application module. The battery wall regulates the load of the power grid, stores the electric energy in the low valley and improves the use efficiency of the power grid. At the same time, it combines the rapidly developing renewable energy generation technology, collects solar energy, wind energy and other discontinuous time power generation, stores the battery and super capacitor. Finally, the low voltage can be raised to the energy saving equipment represented by the LED lamp. The DC power supply, especially the super capacitor can provide large current to the load instantaneously to meet the application of the instant large current demand, such as charging pile. The main features of the system include: using the peak and valley characteristics of the day and night power supply, purchasing electricity at night at low price and storing it at night, improving the balanced load distribution of the 24 hour power supply of the national electrical appliance network and improving the electricity The utilization of force resources also saves the electricity fee for the users; using the solar photovoltaic power board installed on the roof of the user's roof, the glass photovoltaic power board installed on the wall and the window to collect solar energy and storage at sunshine; use the new lithium battery and supercapacitor as the energy storage equipment to make the battery wall, which saves the wall material. With the storage space of the battery, the energy storage and storage purpose is achieved. Using the DC, low voltage and energy saving loads promoted by the state as the load of the microgrid, it is easy to manage, monitor and use the power supply, and use the digital control technology to monitor and manage the voltage / current of the user load, and to other use in the case of the charge surplus of the microgrid. In the hardware design, the system selects the solar photovoltaic panels as the source of the family microgrid, and selects the 12V lithium battery and the single 2.7V supercapacitor to form the battery wall, which is used as the home microgrid. The EP4CE10E22C8N chip of Altera company is selected as the hardware of the control system. The function of the automatic and reasonable connection between the power source and the energy storage equipment and the function of voltage selection output and voltage shift are completed, and the micro processing chip STC89C5A60S2 is selected as the controller of the home microgrid Application module to measure the voltage and current. The WiFi technology is applied to realize the communication and control of solar photovoltaic board and energy storage equipment, energy storage equipment and microprocessor. The automatic switch control function of the control system to the matching of energy storage equipment and power source and the automatic switch control function of the voltage output gear are realized by the photoelectric coupling technology, and the analog digital conversion technology is applied to realize the application of the technology of analog to digital conversion. The function of analog voltage data is displayed in the form of a microprocessor in the form of a digital voltage. In software design, the software development of the control system is programmed with the Hardware Description Language Verilog in the integrated PLD/FPGA development software Quartus II of the Altera company. The content includes: reading the four bit power control signal by parallel transmission. And the control function of four power supply control signals; through the study of serial data character transmission format and serial port transmission rate, the FPGA chip of 50MHz and the WiFi module of the data transmission rate of 9600Bd/s are communicated with the serial port, and the selection of the output voltage level and the size of the output voltage are selected by the serial port transmission programming. Function. Through the simulation of the FPGA control module's serial port data and power control using the professional EDA simulation tool ModelSim, the analog digital conversion and voltage display of the micro processing module are simulated with Proteus, and the function of the mobile terminal is tested to verify the function of each module to achieve the expected design. The test shows that the family has reached the home. Predetermined design requirements for microgrid control and application systems.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM727

【参考文献】