铅酸蓄电池剩余容量的研究及应用

发布时间：2018-06-08 13:16

本文选题：阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池 + SOC　；参考：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池广泛应用于后备应急电源系统和低速电动汽车上动力电源,及时掌握其性能参数和实际运行状态尤为重要。荷电状态(State Of Charge,简称SOC,也称剩余容量)是描述蓄电池状态的重要参数,体现了蓄电池的实际供电能力。蓄电池意外失效或供电能力不足常常造成不可估量的损失,所以国内外对SOC的实时准确估算需求迫切。SOC估计是电池管理系统的核心任务,由于受蓄电池内部电化学反应及多种复杂因素影响,多数情况下尚不能准确估计SOC值。对蓄电池剩余容量的研究及基于SOC准确估计的实际应用是目前蓄电池研究方向的热点和难点,具有广阔的发展前景。课题在大量现场实验的基础上,分别研究了适合后备电源和动力电源SOC准确估计的方法。介绍了铅酸蓄电池基本性能特点,包括其工作原理和状态参数,了解充放电过程中蓄电池特性和参数变化趋势;探讨了基于恢复电压的SOC估计,用短时脉冲直流放电的方法,研究电池放出一定容量后,端电压恢复稳定过程中各参数的变化,通过测量不同荷电状态下的恢复电压并进行归一化处理,拟合归一化恢复电压和蓄电池当前剩余容量关系,得到函数关系式,并与核对容量放电法进行了对比;研究了动力电池SOC估计精度的影响因素,分别对放电率、老化、温度等因素进行实验研究,继而提出动力电池SOC估算策略;最后,在动力电池SOC估算策略的基础上,设计了基于低速电动汽车车载动力电池管理系统的硬件电路和软件程序,探讨了电池组均衡控制。本课题的创新点是:1、研究了短时脉冲恒流放电后,蓄电池端电压恢复到稳定状态过程中各参数的变化。提出了归一化恢复电压的方法,消除了同组蓄电池初始电压不一致对数据处理造成的影响;拟合归一化恢复电压和SOC的函数关系,并通过实验证明此函数关系只和放电电流有关,和放电时间没有关系。基于以上结论,提出可用短时放电确定蓄电池组当前剩余容量,SOC估计误差小于5%,更加方便、快捷、节约。2、在研究动力电池SOC估算方法过程中,进行了大量实际工况测试,取得了复杂条件下电动汽车运行过程中电池参数的变化趋势。在SOC算法优化中,充分结合电动汽车运行实际情况,分为静态驻车状态和动态开启状态,分别用不同算法估计SOC,使估计值更加准确,更切合实际。
[Abstract]:Valve-controlled lead-acid batteries are widely used in emergency power supply system and low-speed electric vehicle power supply. It is very important to master the performance parameters and actual running state in time. State of charge (SOC, or residual capacity) is an important parameter to describe the state of the battery, which reflects the actual power supply capacity of the battery. Accidental failure of battery or insufficient power supply often cause incalculable loss. Therefore, it is the core task of battery management system to estimate SOC accurately and in real time at home and abroad. Due to the influence of internal electrochemical reaction and many complex factors, SOC can not be estimated accurately in most cases. The research of battery residual capacity and the practical application based on SOC estimation are the hot and difficult points in the research direction of battery at present, and have a broad development prospect. On the basis of a large number of field experiments, the methods of SOC estimation suitable for back-up power supply and power supply are studied respectively. The basic performance characteristics of lead-acid battery are introduced, including its working principle and state parameters, the characteristics and variation trend of battery parameters during charging and discharging, the SOC estimation based on recovery voltage and the method of short-time pulse DC discharge are discussed. This paper studies the change of parameters in the process of terminal voltage recovery and stabilization after the discharge of a certain capacity of the battery. By measuring and normalizing the recovery voltage under different charge states, the relationship between the normalized recovery voltage and the current residual capacity of the battery is fitted. The function relation is obtained and compared with the check capacity discharge method. The influencing factors of SOC estimation accuracy are studied. The discharge rate, aging, temperature and other factors are experimentally studied, and then the SOC estimation strategy of power battery is put forward. Finally, based on the SOC estimation strategy of power battery, the hardware circuit and software program of the vehicle power battery management system based on low speed electric vehicle are designed, and the battery pack equalization control is discussed. The innovation of this subject is: 1. The variation of parameters in the process of battery terminal voltage returning to stable state after short-time pulse constant current discharge is studied. A method of normalized recovery voltage is proposed to eliminate the effect of initial voltage inconsistency on data processing, and to fit the functional relationship between normalized recovery voltage and SOC. The experimental results show that the function is only related to the discharge current and not to the discharge time. Based on the above conclusions, it is suggested that the current residual capacity of battery can be determined by short-time discharge, and the SOC estimation error is less than 5, which is more convenient, quick and economical. A large number of actual condition tests have been carried out in the course of studying the SOC estimation method of power battery. The change trend of battery parameters during the operation of electric vehicle is obtained under complex conditions. In the SOC algorithm optimization, combined with the actual running situation of electric vehicle, it can be divided into static parking state and dynamic open state. Different algorithms are used to estimate SOC, so that the estimated value is more accurate and more practical.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM912.1

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