基于STM32的两相四线步进电机高精度驱动器设计

发布时间：2018-06-15 11:54

本文选题：高细分 + 恒流驱动　；参考：《安徽理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济发展,步进电机在工业生产与社会生活中的应用越来越广泛,对精度的要求也在不断提高。日益扩展的实际应用需求,不仅对步进电机结构提出了更高的要求,而且对步进电机的驱动控制也提出了更高的要求。虽然步进电机存在很多的优点,但是实际应用起来也有许多的不方便,很大程度上是受到步进电机驱动器的限制。步进电机的应用必须选用与之匹配的步进电机驱动器,以满足电机对不同电流大小的要求。而且现在的很多控制器不够智能化,实际应用中,除了要选用专门的驱动器之外,还要配备一个控制器,来发送一些脉冲,或者调节一些步进电机的运行参数。大多数驱动器都无法满足高精度高效控制的需求,这些驱动器没能更好的开发出步进电机的细分等方面的潜能。由上述可知,目前常用驱动器缺乏普适性,电流大小无法满足不同类型电机的要求,细分分辨率不高,斩波频率不可调,保护功能不足,智能化程度不高。针对步进电机存在的上述问题,本课题设计了性能较为优越的步进电机驱动系统。该驱动器采用了恒流驱动与细分驱动的原理,结合单片机与电力电子应用技术,来提高驱动器的性能。该步进电机驱动系统,硬件上包括STM32与LV8726专用芯片组成的控制电路、功率放大电路、光耦隔离电路以及USB转串口的通信电路。软件上使用VB6.0编写了驱动器的控制应用程序,通过上位机实时控制步进电机的运行状态,以提高智能化的程度。对整个系统的测试表明,电机的实际输出波形与理论输出波形接近。优化的加速曲线的设计,使得电机在高速启动的时候,不会出现失步或者堵转的情况。通过上位机的界面,可以实时控制步进电机在各种参数下运行,并实时地切换运行状态,运行参数主要包括步进电机的速度,加速度,步距角细分,绕组电流,正反转,启动和停止,电流衰减率,上下桥臂切换的死区时间等参数。驱动器除具备以上功能之外,还具备多种保护功能,如欠压保护,过流保护,过温报警等功能。该驱动器能够驱动多种不同类型的步进电机,具有更高的输出电流,电流无极可调,具有更高的细分分辨率。能够满足多场合下,高精度高效的应用需求。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the application of stepper motor in industrial production and social life is more and more extensive. The increasingly expanding practical application demands not only higher requirements for the structure of stepping motors, but also higher requirements for the drive control of stepping motors. Although there are many advantages in stepping motor, there are also many inconveniences in practical application, which is limited to a great extent by the stepping motor driver. In order to meet the requirements of different current sizes, the stepper motor driver must be used in the application of stepper motor. Moreover, many current controllers are not intelligent enough. In practical applications, in addition to selecting a special driver, a controller should be equipped to send some pulses or adjust the operating parameters of a stepping motor. Most of the actuators can not meet the demand of high precision and high efficiency control. These drives can not better develop the potential of stepping motor subdivision and so on. From the above, it can be known that the common drivers are lack of universality, the current size can not meet the requirements of different types of motors, the resolution of subdivision is not high, the chopper frequency is not adjustable, the protection function is insufficient, and the degree of intelligence is not high. In view of the above problems of stepping motor, this paper designs a stepper motor drive system with superior performance. The driver adopts the principle of constant current drive and subdivision drive, and combines the application technology of single chip microcomputer and power electronics to improve the performance of the driver. The stepper motor drive system is composed of control circuit composed of STM32 and LV8726 chip, power amplifier circuit, optocoupler isolation circuit and communication circuit of USB to serial port. The control application program of driver is programmed with VB6.0 on the software, and the running state of stepping motor is controlled in real time by the upper computer, in order to improve the degree of intelligence. The test of the whole system shows that the actual output waveform of the motor is close to the theoretical output waveform. The optimum design of the acceleration curve makes the motor lose its step or block its rotation when it starts at high speed. Through the interface of the upper computer, the step motor can be controlled in real time under all kinds of parameters, and the running state can be switched in real time. The operation parameters mainly include the speed, acceleration, step angle subdivision, winding current, forward and reverse rotation of the step motor, Starting and stopping, current attenuation rate, dead time of upper and lower arms switching and so on. In addition to the above functions, the driver also has a variety of protection functions, such as under-voltage protection, over-current protection, over-temperature alarm and other functions. The driver can drive many different types of stepping motors with higher output current, more adjustable current, and higher resolution of subdivision. It can meet the need of high precision and high efficiency in many occasions.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM383.6

【参考文献】