126kV真空断路器电机操动机构抑制操作过电压技术的研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 00:19

本文选题：126kV真空断路器 + 电机操动机构　；参考：《沈阳工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了满足开关设备智能化发展需求,提高开关设备运行可靠性。本文研究了高压真空断路器的击穿机理,提出在断路器动作过程中采用电机操动机构控制触头速度抑制击穿的方法,可以提高断路器操作的安全性能。为提高高压断路器安全操作性能,本文设计满足其开断需求的智能控制技术和操动系统。主要开展以下工作:(1)研究电机操动机构的结构及工作特性,将操动机构的等效参数归算到电机侧。以驱动电机为研究对象,分析驱动电机启动过程参数关系。基于电机电枢方程、转矩方程等,建立电机操动机构的数学模型,分析各数学参量间关系,证明通过调节驱动电机绕组电压,可以实现对电机转速的有效控制。采用数值仿真方法,搭建驱动电机数学模型,开展仿真研究,证明基于脉宽调制技术控制电机转速的可行性。(2)研究真空开关击穿机理,推导触头恢复电压计算方程,利用实验数据拟合断路器耐受电压与触头开距关系。将触头恢复电压与耐受电压关系作为击穿判据,建立触头开距关于时间的函数方程,求导函数方程得刚分阶段触头速度要求。以留彭输电线路开断电容器组为操作工况,计算等效线路参数,结合触头速度特性方程,分析满足预击穿的速度要求,推算刚分后触头运动速度曲线。根据高压断路器开断过程速度指标和电机调速方程,求取超程阶段、缓冲阶段速度曲线;联立超程阶段、刚分3/4阶段和缓冲阶段速度函数,得到可以抑制断路器发生击穿的触头速度预设曲线。(3)研究广义预测控制算法,结合电机参数方程,建立输入量电压与输出量速度的关系,根据拉普拉斯变换推导传递函数,分析幅频响应,确定采样频率。对驱动电机传递函数离散化处理,结合丢番方程,建立驱动电机预测模型。根据模型输出误差进行反馈校正,采用二次型性能指标滚动优化,计算当前时刻加于系统的控制量。开展电机操动机构广义预测控制的闭环仿真研究,与常规PID控制相比,广义预测控制可以实现更好速度跟踪效果,最大速度偏差为0.026m/s。(4)在126kV真空断路器电机操动机构实验平台基础上,开展联机实验研究。搭建储能电容变结构放电实验电路,完成电机操动机构储能电容串联结构和并联放电实验,证明储能电容并联充电串联放电能够提高电机操动机构操动性能。结合广义预测控制策略与硬件控制装置,开展速度跟踪实验,平均最大速度偏差为0.5m/s,有效完成对预设运行速度的跟踪,验证控制算法的可行性。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the demand of intelligent development of switchgear and improve the reliability of switchgear operation. In this paper, the breakdown mechanism of high voltage vacuum circuit breaker is studied, and the method of controlling contact speed to suppress breakdown by motor operating mechanism during the operation of circuit breaker is put forward, which can improve the safety performance of circuit breaker operation. In order to improve the safe operation performance of high voltage circuit breaker, this paper designs intelligent control technology and operation system to meet its breaking demand. The main work is as follows: 1) the structure and working characteristics of the motor actuator are studied, and the equivalent parameters of the actuator are reduced to the motor side. Taking the driving motor as the research object, the relation of the starting process parameters of the drive motor is analyzed. Based on armature equation, torque equation and so on, the mathematical model of motor operating mechanism is established, and the relationship between various mathematical parameters is analyzed. It is proved that the motor speed can be effectively controlled by adjusting the winding voltage of the motor. By using numerical simulation method, the mathematical model of driving motor is built, and the simulation research is carried out. It is proved that it is feasible to control motor speed based on pulse width modulation. The breakdown mechanism of vacuum switch is studied, and the calculation equation of contact recovery voltage is deduced. The experimental data are used to fit the relation between the circuit breaker tolerance voltage and the contact distance. The relation between the contact recovery voltage and the tolerant voltage is taken as the breakdown criterion, and the function equation of the contact opening distance on the time is established, and the derivative function equation is obtained to obtain the velocity requirement of the contact in rigid stages. In this paper, taking the capacitor bank of Liupeng transmission line as the operating condition, the equivalent line parameters are calculated, and the velocity requirement of pre-breakdown is analyzed in combination with the contact velocity characteristic equation, and the velocity curve of contact motion after rigid separation is calculated. According to the speed index of high voltage circuit breaker during the breaking process and the motor governing equation, the velocity curves of the over-range stage and the buffer stage, the velocity function of the simultaneous over-range stage, the rigid three-to-four stage and the buffer stage, are obtained. The preset curve of contact speed, which can restrain the breakdown of circuit breakers, is obtained. The generalized predictive control algorithm is studied. The relation between input voltage and output speed is established according to the motor parameter equation, and the transfer function is derived according to Laplace transform. The amplitude-frequency response is analyzed to determine the sampling frequency. The transfer function of driving motor is discretized and the predictive model of driving motor is established by combining Diophantine equation. According to the output error of the model, the feedback correction is carried out, and the quadratic performance index is used for rolling optimization to calculate the control quantity added to the system at the current time. The closed-loop simulation of generalized predictive control of motor actuator is carried out. Compared with the conventional pid control, the generalized predictive control can achieve better speed tracking effect. The maximum velocity deviation is 0.026 m / s. 4) on the basis of the operating mechanism experimental platform of 126 kV vacuum circuit breaker the on-line experimental research is carried out. The experimental circuit of variable structure discharge of energy storage capacitor is built, and the series structure of energy storage capacitor and the experiment of parallel discharge are completed. It is proved that the parallel charging series discharge of energy storage capacitor can improve the operating performance of motor operating mechanism. Combined with the generalized predictive control strategy and the hardware control device, the speed tracking experiment is carried out. The average maximum velocity deviation is 0.5 m / s, which can effectively track the preset running speed and verify the feasibility of the control algorithm.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM561.2

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