电力系统静态和动态无功电源优化配置方法

发布时间：2018-06-22 17:46

本文选题：无功电源 + 事故分析　；参考：《华北电力大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：能源分布的不均衡、经济发达地区的电能匮乏使得能源互联网的发展成为必然趋势。区域电网间的互联在提高供电可靠性、提高发电设备利用率、提高系统运行经济性等方面具有诸多优势。但是一旦骨干连接线路发生故障,可能引起互联区域的母线电压降低,甚至引发电压崩溃,最终造成大面积停电事故。近几年迅速发展的无功电源可以在线路发生故障后快速地提供大量无功功率、提高电压水平、降低系统损耗,并且应用的电压等级越来越高。但由于无功电源造价昂贵,不可能全面配置,因此对电力系统无功电源的优化配置问题进行研究,不仅具有理论意义,对电力系统的实际运行也具有重大意义。本文研究的具体问题是从电力系统安全性的角度出发,对电力系统进行静态和动态无功电源优化配置,使系统能够抵御危及电压安全的严重故障的威胁。针对大规模复杂电网进行无功电源优化配置前,要对研究对象做一些合理的简化,以减少计算时间和计算量。本文采用预想事故分析的方法,分别提出静态和动态的事故严重性指标及母线脆弱性指标来筛选出系统的严重故障集及脆弱母线集,在动态事故分析综合中考虑了母线电压的跌落程度、低电压持续时间和电压恢复时间。然后,采用灵敏度分析的方法计算了节点的静态和动态电压/无功灵敏度,通过对灵敏度指标排序确定了系统中各节点补偿效果的优劣,进而确定了无功电源的预选补偿区域。在获得系统严重故障集和预选补偿区域的基础上,分别进行静态和动态无功优化求解无功电源的最佳补偿容量。在静态无功电源优化配置过程中,从经济性的角度以电容器投资最小为目标函数。对严重故障的进一步简化是静态优化方法的一个关键,本文提出了主导故障的概念,它是严重故障集的一个子集,能够完全反映严重故障集的特征,进而提出了基于主导故障的多故障静态无功优化分析方法。考虑到电力系统离散变量和连续变量的混合特征,将静态无功优化看作一种混合整数非线性规划问题,采用分枝定界法结合原对偶内点法对无功优化模型进行精确求解。在动态无功优化过程中,本文分析了基本优化模型的不足,提出了动态电压轨迹越限积分的概念,通过动态电压轨迹越线积分对优化过程中的母线动态电压进行限制,形成电压稳定性约束;同时增加了发电机功角稳定性约束。采用一种均值方差映射算法求解动态无功优化模型,该算法通过映射函数将解向量精确限制在搜索范围之内,具有收敛速度快、不易陷入局部最优的优点。通过对IEEE 39节点系统的仿真分析验证了本文提出的无功电源优化配置方法的有效性,并以河北南网为例,应用本文方法对该电网进行了事故分析及灵敏度分析、静态和动态无功电源的优化配置,制订了现阶段河北南网的无功电源配置方案,通过比较补偿前后的电压幅值,验证了提出的配置方案对目标电网的电压水平确有提升作用,为无功电源的工程应用拓展了新思路。
[Abstract]:The disequilibrium of energy distribution, the lack of electricity in the developed areas makes the development of the energy Internet an inevitable trend. The interconnection between regional power grids has many advantages in improving the reliability of power supply, improving the utilization rate of the power generation equipment and improving the economy of the system. But the failure of the one day backbone connection may cause each other. The bus voltage of the joint area is reduced, and the voltage collapse is even triggered, which eventually causes a large area blackout. The rapid development of reactive power supply in recent years can quickly provide a large amount of reactive power, increase the voltage level, reduce the loss of the system, and the applied voltage level is higher and higher. But because of the cost of reactive power supply, the power supply is high. Therefore, it is not only of theoretical significance but also of great significance to the actual operation of the power system. The specific problem of this paper is to optimize the static and dynamic reactive power supply of the power system from the point of view of the security of the power system. The system can resist the threat of serious fault which endangers the safety of voltage. Before optimizing the reactive power supply for large-scale complex power grid, we should make some reasonable simplification to the research object in order to reduce the calculation time and calculation. In this paper, the static and dynamic accident severity indexes are proposed by the method of preview accident analysis. In the dynamic accident analysis synthesis, the drop degree of the bus voltage, the low voltage duration and the voltage recovery time are considered in the dynamic accident analysis synthesis. Then the sensitivity analysis method is used to calculate the static and dynamic voltage / reactive sensitivity of the node, and the sensitivity is calculated by the sensitivity analysis. Degree index is used to determine the compensation effect of each node in the system, and then the pre selected compensation area for reactive power supply is determined. On the basis of obtaining the serious fault set and the pre selected compensation area, the optimal compensation capacity of static and dynamic reactive power optimization is carried out respectively. In the optimization of static reactive power supply, the optimal compensation capacity is obtained. From the economic point of view, the objective function of the capacitor investment minimum is the objective function. Further simplification of the serious fault is a key to the static optimization method. This paper proposes the concept of the leading fault, which is a subset of the serious fault set, can fully reflect the characteristics of the serious fault set, and then puts forward the multi fault static state based on the leading fault. Considering the mixed characteristics of discrete variables and continuous variables in the power system, the static reactive power optimization is considered as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem, and the branch and bound method combined with the original dual interior point method is used to accurately solve the reactive power optimization model. The basic optimization is analyzed in the dynamic reactive power optimization process. In the shortage of the model, the concept of the dynamic voltage trajectory more limited integration is put forward, the dynamic voltage of the bus is restricted by the line integral of the dynamic voltage locus, the voltage stability constraint is formed, and the stability constraint of the power angle of the generator is increased. A mean variance mapping algorithm is used to solve the dynamic reactive power optimization model. The algorithm has the advantage of fast convergence speed and not easy to fall into the local optimum by using the mapping function to limit the solution vector accurately in the search range. Through the simulation analysis of the IEEE 39 node system, the effectiveness of the optimal allocation method of reactive power supply proposed in this paper is verified, and the Hebei south network is taken as an example to apply this method to the power grid. According to the accident analysis and sensitivity analysis, the optimal configuration of static and dynamic reactive power supply, the reactive power configuration scheme of Hebei south network is formulated at the present stage. By comparing the voltage amplitude before and after the compensation, it is proved that the proposed configuration scheme does have a positive effect on the voltage level of the target power grid, which extends the new thought for the application of reactive power supply. Road.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM732;TM714.3

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