同步磁阻电机优化转矩电流比的矢量控制及加工工艺的影响分析

发布时间：2018-06-24 01:02

本文选题：同步磁阻电机 + 最大转矩电流比　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文首先从磁场角度介绍同步磁阻电机的工作原理。接着,在三相静止坐标系下对同步磁阻电机建立磁链、电压和电感、电流等参数之间的关系,通过恒相幅值变换将参数关系转换到两相旋转坐标系下,使参数关系大大简化,并使用矢量关系图直观描述各个物理量之间关系,讨论同步磁阻电机工作过程。由于磁性材料存在饱和效应,同步磁阻电机实际工作过程中d、q轴电感是随d、q轴电流变化的,故需要探究这种变化规律,并根据这种规律搭建同步磁阻电机的仿真模型,进而根据同步磁阻电机数学模型来确定d、q轴电流的合理分配,通过矢量控制优化转矩电流比。本文分析三种矢量控制方式,即:①理想电机模型下id=iq的电流分配方式;②使用函数拟合d轴电感,并假定q轴电感为常值,进而推导出d、q轴电流分配关系;③使用有限元法找到任意给定转矩下的电流最小值,由此拟合得到d、q轴电流的最优分配关系。然后,对于所需的电磁转矩,将三种方法得到的电流幅值进行对比分析,进而研究同步磁阻电机的优化矢量控制方法。为了实现对同步磁阻电机的驱动、控制,本文从硬件和软件两个方面介绍实验平台。硬件方面主要有单片机核心板、PWM信号电平转换电路、可拼装式功率模块、编码器及其信号处理电路、电流信号采样电路等。软件方面主要是配合硬件实现各模块的功能,如三相电流的测量、电机转子初始位置的确定、转速的测量等等,最终按照同步磁阻电机的控制框图实现所有的功能。电机加工与装配过程中引入的误差,可能对同步磁阻电机性能产生影响。针对一台优化过的同步磁阻电机,分别讨论冲片冲制产生的毛刺、冲制边缘的材料磁性能变差、叠压自扣片、铆接错位以及定转子装配偏心等对电机平均转矩、转矩脉动、效率以及单边磁拉力的影响,从而总结同步磁阻电机加工过程中需要严格控制偏差的工艺。
[Abstract]:This paper first introduces the working principle of synchronous reluctance motor from the magnetic field point of view. Then, the relationship among flux, voltage, inductance, current and other parameters of synchronous reluctance motor is established in three-phase stationary coordinate system. The parameter relationship is transformed into two-phase rotating coordinate system by constant phase amplitude transformation, which greatly simplifies the parameter relationship. The working process of synchronous reluctance motor is discussed. Because of the saturation effect of magnetic material, the inductance of dnq-axis changes with the current of dq-axis in the actual working process of synchronous reluctance motor, so it is necessary to explore the law of change, and build the simulation model of synchronous reluctance motor according to this rule. Then according to the mathematical model of synchronous reluctance motor, the reasonable distribution of the current of dq-axis is determined, and the torque / current ratio is optimized by vector control. In this paper, three kinds of vector control methods are analyzed, that is, the current distribution mode of id=iq under the ideal motor model of 1: 1. The d-axis inductance is fitted by function, and the Q-axis inductance is assumed to be a constant value, and the current distribution relation of danq-axis is deduced. (3) the finite element method is used to find the minimum value of current at any given torque, and the optimal distribution relation of the current in dnq-axis is obtained by fitting the finite element method. Then, for the required electromagnetic torque, the current amplitudes obtained by the three methods are compared and analyzed, and the optimal vector control method for synchronous reluctance motor is studied. In order to realize the drive and control of synchronous reluctance motor, this paper introduces the experimental platform from two aspects: hardware and software. In hardware, there are PWM signal level conversion circuit, assembled power module, encoder and its signal processing circuit, current signal sampling circuit and so on. The software mainly realizes the functions of each module with hardware, such as the measurement of three-phase current, the determination of the initial position of the motor rotor, the measurement of the rotational speed and so on. Finally, all the functions are realized according to the control block diagram of the synchronous reluctance motor. The error introduced in the process of machining and assembling of motor may affect the performance of synchronous reluctance motor. For an optimized synchronous reluctance motor, the average torque and torque ripple of the motor, such as burr produced by punching, poor magnetic properties of materials at the edge of punching, superimposed self-buckling, riveting dislocation and eccentric assembly of stator and rotor, are discussed respectively. The effects of efficiency and unilateral magnetic pull force on the machining process of synchronous reluctance motor are summarized.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM352

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