一种高效的锂离子电池快速充电方法

发布时间：2018-06-27 10:40

本文选题：锂离子电池 + 快速充电　；参考：《湖北工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现如今中国很多地方的空气质量都令人担忧,各种机动车辆排放的尾气也正是造成这种天气的重要因素之一。电动汽车以其环保、节能的特点得到了广泛应用,其动力源由动力电池来提供。锂离子电池是当前广泛使用的动力电池,其高效、安全的快速充电方法是目前研究的重点。当今比较常用的一些快速充电的相关方法在能量利用率以及消除极化方面都还做得不够。为了更好地节省能量,有效提高充电效率,缩短充电时间本文选用负脉冲去极化方法来有效去除极化,采用馈能电路实现电池充电过程中能量的高效利用。具体研究内容如下:1、本文主要研究了如何提高锂离子电池充电方法的效率以及能量的利用率。文章将锂离子电池作为研究对象,分析了其工作原理、充放电特性和影响因素。研究了极化现象的产生机理、消除办法以及现有快速充电方式的优缺点,实现大电流充电来提高充电效率的难点,即采用大电流充电会使得极化现象更加严重,重点分析了脉冲充电方法。2、极化现象会降低电池的充电效率,缩短电池的使用寿命。本文针对现有快速充电方法中存在去极化效果不明显问题,采用瞬时负脉冲来去除极化。当电池正在充电的时候,寻找合适的时候给予电池一个短暂的停充时间,再加以负脉冲的方法可以较为有效地处理极化现象带来的负面影响。本文采用模糊控制器1通过析气点电压并加以电池容量及表面温度来判断极化程度,即给出负脉冲加予的时机;采用模糊控制器2通过电池的极化电压及荷电状态并加以温度修正来确定给定去极化负脉冲的宽度。最后通过对比实验,验证了负脉冲去极化的有效性。与传统大电流充电法相比,带负脉冲充电方式使得充入电池的电量增加10.71%;与传统恒流充电法相比,带负脉冲充电方式在充电时间上缩短了32.85%。3、为了提高锂离子电池充电过程中能量的利用率,本文采用了馈能电路在负脉冲放电消去极化现象时将电池放出电能存储到电容,在充电时再将电容能量馈送到蓄电池。并且绘制了馈能实现电路图,并分析了其工作原理。通过实验证明了其有效性及可行性。4、建立脉冲快速充电系统的结构框图,设计了主电路、组成电路和软件实现图,最后搭建电池实验平台,测试了快速充电系统的功能。经实验得知该方法与传统间歇-正负脉冲充电法相比,该方法的充电时间缩短了34%,温升降低了13.6%,充电效率提高了1.4%。本文所做的研究,适合于采用动力电池作为储能装置的便携式电子设备、电动汽车、不间断电源等系统中。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the air quality of many parts of China is worrying, and the exhaust gas emitted by various motor vehicles is one of the important factors that cause this kind of weather. The electric vehicle is widely used with its environmental protection and energy saving characteristics, its power source is supplied by power battery. Lithium ion battery is the current widely used power battery. The effective, safe and fast charging method is the focus of current research. Some commonly used fast charging methods are not enough in energy utilization and polarization elimination. In order to save energy, improve charging efficiency and shorten charge time, negative pulse depolarization method is selected to effectively remove polarization. The energy efficient utilization of the battery charging process is realized by the energy feed circuit. The specific research contents are as follows: 1, this paper mainly studies how to improve the efficiency of the lithium ion battery charging method and the utilization rate of the energy. The mechanism of polarization, the elimination method and the advantages and disadvantages of the existing fast charging methods, the difficulty of improving the charging efficiency by large current charging, that is, using large current charging will make the polarization more serious, and the pulse charging method.2 is emphatically analyzed. The polarization phenomenon will reduce the charging efficiency of the battery and shorten the service life of the battery. In this paper, the current fast charging method has no obvious depolarization effect, using instantaneous negative pulse to remove polarization. When the battery is charging, looking for a suitable time to give the battery a short stop charge time, and then the negative pulse can be more effective to deal with the negative effects of polarization. The paper uses the fuzzy controller 1 to determine the polarization degree by the gas point voltage and the battery capacity and surface temperature, that is, the timing of negative pulse plus is given. The width of the given depolarized negative pulse is determined by using the fuzzy controller 2 through the polarization voltage and charge state of the battery and the temperature correction to determine the width of the given depolarizing negative pulse. Finally, the comparison experiment is used to verify the width of the given depolarized negative pulse. The negative pulse depolarization is effective. Compared with the traditional large current charging method, the negative pulse charging method makes the charge of the battery increase by 10.71%. Compared with the traditional constant current charging method, the negative pulse charging method is shortened by 32.85%.3 in the charging time. In order to improve the energy utilization rate of the lithium ion electric pool charging process, this paper adopts the method. In the negative pulse discharge to eliminate polarization, the energy feed circuit stores the battery out of the electric energy to the capacitor and feed the capacitance to the battery. The circuit diagram of the energy feed is drawn and the working principle is analyzed. The validity and feasibility of the.4 are proved by the experiment, and the structure block diagram of the pulse fast charging system is set up. The main circuit, the composition circuit and the software realization diagram are taken. Finally, the battery experiment platform is built and the function of the fast charging system is tested. The experiment shows that the method is compared with the traditional intermittent positive and negative pulse charging method, the charging time of the method is shortened by 34%, the temperature rise is reduced by 13.6%, the charging efficiency is improved by the 1.4%. research, suitable for the study. The power battery is used as a portable electronic device for energy storage devices, such as electric vehicles, ups and other systems.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM912

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