二硫化钼复合物制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中应用

发布时间：2018-06-27 19:58

  本文选题：染料敏化太阳能电池 + 对电极　； 参考：《西安科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)被看作新一代的光电转化装置,拥有光电转化效率高,制备工艺简单,可透明化等特点,被认为是当今最具有发展前途的新型光电转化器件之一。其中,对电极在DSSCs中具有关键作用,目前通常采用载有金属铂的导电玻璃来充当,尽管铂电极具有电催化活性高,导电性能好等优势,但由于金属铂价格不菲,储量有限,此外还会与碘基电解液反应,影响电池稳定性,不适于DSSCs大规模生产与运用。所以,研究稀缺贵金属Pt的廉价代替材料为进一步推动该类电池向商业化发展具有重要意义。在现有文献中,将二硫化钥和硫化钴类材料结合形成复合材料并应用于DSSCs对电极的相关报道非常有限。而过渡金属硫化物对器件中的氧化还原电对具有良好的催化性能。因此,本文研究了 MoS2/Co3S4和MoS2/CoS2两种复合电极材料,具体研究工作如下。首先,采用一步水热法分别制备出MoS2和Co3S4催化材料,并借助SEM和XRD对所制备的材料进行表征,并将MoS2和Co3S4制作成对电极分别应用于DSSCs中,获得的光电转化效率仅为4.64%和5.11%。进一步通过一步水热法制备出MoS2/Co3S4复合材料将其应用在DSSCs中。通过光伏性能测试,循环伏安法测试以及电化学阻抗测试,探究了复合材料的催化性能,测试结果显示:复合材料中MoS2与Co3S4对I3-/1-的循环再生展示出了积极的协同效应,提高了电极的催化性能,当MoS2/Co3S4复合材料中Mo和Co的摩尔比为1:4时,电池光电转化效率(6.77%)最佳,与Pt的(7.14%)接近,表明所制备的MoS2/Co3S4复合材料是潜在的可替代铂的优良DSSCs电极材料。然后,通过一步水热法制备了 MoS2/CoS2复合材料,并应用于DSSCs中,考察了MoS2/CoS2复合物中不同S的添加量对DSSCs光电转化效率的影响。实验结果表明:MoS2/CoS2复合材料对I3-/I-的循环再生表现出较高的催化性能,不同比例的硫含量均在不同程度上增大了 DSSCs的光电转化效率。当Mo:Co:S=1:1:5时,层状MoS2与颗粒状CoS2复合材料对I3-的还原反应具有良好的电催化性能,将其用于DSSCs的对电极中,获得了可以与Pt(7.14%)相媲美的光电转化效率值6.13%。综上所述,本文借助简单的水热合成方法研究了两种高效且廉价的对电极催化材料,提高了其催化反应活性,降低了制作成本,为DSSCs对电极材料的研究提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are regarded as a new generation of photoelectric conversion devices, with the characteristics of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, simple preparation process, transparency and so on. It is considered to be one of the most promising new photoelectric conversion devices. Among them, the pair electrode plays a key role in DSSCs. At present, conductive glass containing platinum is usually used as the conductive glass. Although platinum electrode has the advantages of high electrocatalytic activity and good conductivity, it is limited because of the high price of metal platinum. In addition, it will react with iodine-based electrolyte, which will affect the stability of the battery and is not suitable for mass production and application of DSSCs. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the cheap substitute materials of rare precious metal Pt in order to further promote the commercial development of this kind of batteries. In the existing literature, there are limited reports on the combination of the key disulfide and cobalt sulfide materials to form composite materials and their applications to DSSCs pair electrodes. The transition metal sulfides have good catalytic performance for the redox electric pairs in the devices. Therefore, two kinds of composite electrode materials, MoS2 / Co3S4 and MoS2 / CoS2, have been studied in this paper. First, MoS2 and Co3S4 catalytic materials were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method, and characterized by SEM and XRD. The photoelectrochemical conversion efficiency of MoS2 and Co3S4 were only 4.64% and 5.11% respectively. Mos _ 2 / Co _ 3S _ 4 composites were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method and used in DSSCs. The catalytic properties of the composites were investigated by photovoltaic performance test, cyclic voltammetry test and electrochemical impedance test. The results showed that MoS2 and Co3S4 showed positive synergistic effect on I _ 3-R _ 1- cycle regeneration. When the molar ratio of Mo and Co in MoS _ 2 / Co _ 3S _ 4 composite is 1:4, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (6.77%) is the best, which is close to that of Pt (7.14%), which indicates that the prepared MoS _ 2 / Co _ 3S _ 4 composite is a potential excellent DSSCs electrode material instead of platinum. Then, MoS _ 2 / CoS _ 2 composites were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method and applied to DSSCs. The effects of different S addition in MoS _ 2 / CoS _ 2 composites on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs were investigated. The experimental results show that the ratio MoS _ 2 / CoS _ 2 composite exhibits high catalytic performance for the regeneration of I _ 3 / I _ (-), and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of DSSCs is increased to different extent by the sulfur content in different proportions. At 1: 1: 5, the composite of layered MoS2 and granular CoS2 has good electrocatalytic performance for the reduction of I _ 3-. When the composite is used in the opposite electrode of DSSCs, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 6.13% comparable to that of Pt (7.14%). To sum up, two kinds of high efficient and cheap antielectrode catalytic materials were studied by the simple hydrothermal synthesis method, which improved the catalytic activity and reduced the production cost, which provided a new way for DSSCs to study the electrode materials.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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