核电站稳压器机理建模分析及控制研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 21:14

本文选题：核电站稳压器 + 机理建模　；参考：《华南理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于核反应堆稳压器复杂的动态特性,精确数学模型难以获得,因而其控制研究一直是本领域的难点与热点。传统的PID控制方法难以适应外部的扰动以及稳压器对象的不确定性,控制效果不理想。因此,本文对压水堆核电站稳压器进行机理建模,分析其压力及水位的瞬态特性。基于基本守恒定律,采用集中参数法,部分物性参数采用拟合公式的方法,寻求稳压器压力和水位之间的耦合关系,分析影响稳压器压力和水位的喷淋流量,电加热器加热量,上充下泄流量等物理量的变化情况,最终建立一个便于控制的模型。基于压水堆核电站稳压器压力及水位的数学模型,结合核电仿真机,进行压力动态特性及水位动态特性试验,对比结果,其最大相对误差均小于1%,验证了所建数学模型的正确性和有效性。结合所建模型,对比采用了PID控制、状态反馈控制以及滑模控制策略,观察控制效果。相较于PID控制,状态反馈控制能够使压力的调节时间减少30%,水位的调节时间减少60%,超调量也减少了3%,改善了系统的跟随性能,但存在较大的静态偏差,基于LMI的滑模控制在保证系统跟随性及稳定性的基础上,压力的静态偏差从0.56%下降至0.05%,水位的静态偏差从0.42%下降至0.05%,基本消除了压力及水位的静态偏差,说明了基于LMI的滑模控制系统能够使所建的两输入两输出的稳压器模型达到预期的控制目标。同时由于在稳压器模型的建立过程中存在着不确定性,在实际运行的过程中,会产生参数的不确定以及外部噪声,为了验证所设计系统的可靠性,本文分析了系统鲁棒灵敏度极小化问题,以及鲁棒镇定问题,从仿真结果可知,噪声抑制比λn小于2.5×105,控制作用比λc小于90,均小于常量并随时间衰减,证明了本文设计的滑模控制系统具有较强的鲁棒性能。
[Abstract]:Because of the complex dynamic characteristics of the reactor voltage regulator, it is difficult to obtain accurate mathematical model, so its control research has always been a difficult and hot spot in this field. The traditional pid control method is difficult to adapt to the external disturbance and the uncertainty of the regulator object, so the control effect is not satisfactory. Therefore, the mechanism of pressurizer in PWR nuclear power station is modeled and the transient characteristics of pressure and water level are analyzed. Based on the basic conservation law, the concentrated parameter method and the fitting formula for some physical parameters are adopted to seek the coupling relationship between the pressure and water level of the regulator, and the spray flow that affects the pressure and water level of the regulator is analyzed, and the heat added to the electric heater is analyzed. Finally, a convenient control model is established for the change of physical quantities such as supercharge and discharge flow. Based on the mathematical model of pressurizer pressure and water level of PWR nuclear power station, combined with nuclear power simulator, the dynamic characteristics of pressure and water level are tested, and the results are compared. The maximum relative error is less than 1, which verifies the correctness and validity of the mathematical model. The pid control, state feedback control and sliding mode control strategy are compared with the established model, and the control effect is observed. Compared with pid control, the state feedback control can reduce the adjusting time of pressure by 30 percent, the adjustment time of water level by 60 percent, the overshoot quantity by 3 percent, and improve the performance of the system, but there is a large static deviation. The sliding-mode control based on LMI can reduce the static deviation of the pressure from 0.56% to 0.05% and the static deviation of the water level from 0.42% to 0.05% on the basis of ensuring the system following and stability, which basically eliminates the static deviation of the pressure and water level. The sliding-mode control system based on LMI can make the voltage regulator model with two inputs and two outputs achieve the desired control goal. In order to verify the reliability of the designed system, the uncertainty of the parameters and the external noise will be generated during the actual operation because of the uncertainty in the process of establishing the voltage regulator model. In this paper, the problem of robust sensitivity minimization and robust stabilization is analyzed. The simulation results show that the noise suppression ratio 位 n is less than 2.5 脳 10 5, and the control action ratio 位 c is less than 90, which is less than constant and attenuates with time. It is proved that the sliding mode control system designed in this paper has strong robustness.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM623;TM44

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