城市生活垃圾等离子体气化发电项目经济性分析研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 14:08

本文选题：等离子体 + 城市生活垃圾　；参考：《广州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：等离子体气化技术可将城市生活垃圾(简称MSW)中的无机物变成少量、无害的灰渣,将有机物转化成合成气,同时,等离子体的高温高热可以彻底分解二恶英、呋喃、焦油等有害物质,很好地实现了垃圾的“减量化”、“资源化”和“无害化”。然而,MSW等离子体气化处理在国内还没有形成产业化,关于MSW等离子体气化项目的经济可行性分析较少。因此,本文对1000t/d MSW等离子体气化发电项目的垃圾进行了经济可行性分析研究,选择了等离子体辅助热解气化作为研究项目的气化方式,并采用燃气-蒸汽联合循环模式进行合成气发电。使用净现值法(简称NPV)建立1000t/d MSW等离子体气化发电项目(基础项目)的垃圾处理价格计算模型。参考垃圾焚烧发电厂的设备组成、投资运行成本和各收益的计算方法,对模型中的投资成本和现金流量(运行成本、售电收入、回收金属、炉渣带来的收入)进行估算。根据MSW等离子体辅助热解气化发电流程,对项目的等离子体炬耗电量、制氧和厂用耗电量、发电量和上网电量进行计算。当该项目收支平衡时(NPV=0),可得到保证项目可行时的最低垃圾处理价格。另外,在此基础上,建立参与清洁发展机制(简称CDM)活动后的MSW等离子体气化发电项目(CDM项目)的垃圾处理价格计算模型,确定CDM的投资运行成本和碳减排量,并计算该情况下的垃圾处理价格。计算结果显示,基础项目的投资运行成本分别为91137.1万元和113.4元/t,每吨MSW的上网电量达493.1kWh/t,带来320.5元/t的售电收入和79.8元/t的回收金属、炉渣的收入。CDM项目的投资运行成本分别为91163.7万元和113.5元/t,碳减排量达94440.0 year/etCO2。通过垃圾处理价格计算模型,可计算出基础项目的垃圾处理价格为132.4元/t,而CDM项目的垃圾处理价格为96.5元/t,因此,参与CDM活动可降低垃圾处理价格,提高经济可行性。通过敏感因素分析可以知在其它因素不变的情况下,投资成本和电价对项目的垃圾处理价格影响最大。当基础项目和CDM项目的电价分别提高到0.92元/kWh和0.85元/kWh时,垃圾处理费为0元/t。本文最后结合了广州番禺火烧岗垃圾填埋场的实际情况,设计搭建100t/d垃圾衍生燃料(简称RDF)等离子体气化发电系统,对系统中的主要设备进行选择并计算设备的耗电量和成本。100t/d RDF等离子体气化发电项目的垃圾处理价格为126元/t,比1000t/d MSW等离子体气化发电项目的垃圾处理价格低了6.4元/t,表明提高垃圾热值,有利于降低垃圾处理价格。另外前者上网电量比后者高717.2kWh/t,因此使用RDF进行气化发电具有一定的经济可行性和很好的发展前景。
[Abstract]:Plasma gasification technology can convert inorganic matter in MSW into a small amount of harmless cinder and convert organic matter into syngas. At the same time, the high temperature and high heat of plasma can completely decompose dioxin and furan. Tar and other harmful substances have well achieved the waste "reduction", "resources" and "innocuous". However, MSW plasma gasification has not yet been industrialized in China, and the economic feasibility analysis of MSW plasma gasification project is rare. Therefore, the economic feasibility of the 1000t/d MSW plasma gasification project is studied in this paper, and the plasma assisted pyrolysis gasification is selected as the gasification method of the research project. Gas-steam combined cycle mode is used to generate electricity from syngas. The net present value method (NPV) is used to establish a model for calculating the waste disposal price of 1000t/d MSW plasma gasification power generation project (basic project). With reference to the equipment composition of the waste incineration power plant, the calculation method of investment operation cost and each income, the investment cost and cash flow (operating cost, electricity sale income, recovery of metal, revenue from slag) in the model are estimated. According to MSW plasma-assisted pyrolysis gasification power generation process, the power consumption of plasma torch, oxygen production and power consumption, power generation and network power are calculated. When the budget of the project is in balance (NPV0), the lowest garbage disposal price can be obtained when the project is feasible. In addition, on this basis, the MSW plasma gasification power generation project (CDM project) after participating in the clean development mechanism (CDM) activities after the establishment of MSW plasma gasification power project (CDM project) waste treatment price calculation model, determine the CDM investment operating costs and carbon emission reduction. And calculate the garbage disposal price in this case. The calculation results show that the investment and operation cost of the basic project is 911.371 million yuan and 113.4 yuan / t respectively, and the net power per ton of MSW is 493.1 kWh-t / t, which brings 320.5 yuan / t of electricity sales income and 79.8 yuan / t of recovered metal. The operating cost of the project is 911.637 million yuan and 113.5 yuan / t respectively, and the carbon emission reduction is 94440.0 years / et CO _ 2. Through the calculation model of waste disposal price, we can calculate the waste disposal price of basic project is 132.4 yuan / t, and the waste disposal price of project is 96.5 yuan / t. Therefore, participating in the CDM activity can reduce the waste disposal price and improve the economic feasibility. Through the analysis of sensitive factors, we can know that the investment cost and electricity price have the greatest influence on the garbage disposal price of the project under the condition that other factors remain unchanged. When the electricity price of the basic project and CDM project increases to 0.92 yuan / kWh and 0.85 yuan / kWh respectively, the waste disposal fee is 0 yuan / t. Finally, the paper designs and builds 100t/d garbage derived fuel (RDF) plasma gasification power generation system based on the actual situation of Faozhuogang landfill in Panyu, Guangzhou. Select the main equipment in the system and calculate the power consumption and cost of the equipment. 100 t / d RDF plasma gasification power generation project garbage treatment price is 126 yuan / t, which is lower than the waste disposal price of 1000t/d MSW plasma gasification power generation project. 6.4 yuan / t, which means increasing the waste calorific value, It helps to reduce the cost of garbage disposal. In addition, the former is 717.2 kWh-t higher than the latter, so the use of RDF for gasification power generation has certain economic feasibility and good development prospects.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM619

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