永磁同步电机低振动噪声控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 21:50

本文选题：永磁同步电机 + 振动噪声　；参考：《上海电力学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：永磁同步电机由于功率密度高,广泛应用于伺服机器人、电动汽车、医疗器械、高档家用电器,这些场合对振动和噪声都有严格要求。目前,变频器普遍应用于电机驱动,永磁同步电机在变频器供电时,定子电流中含有大量谐波,而这些谐波与转子磁场经过电枢反应后,气隙磁场会产生大量的谐波,导致电磁力波中谐波增加,这些谐波会增强电机的振动,进而会产生令人难以忍受的噪声。本文的主要工作是以降低永磁同步电机电磁振动噪声为目的,分析永磁同步电机振动噪声和逆变器电流谐波的关系,对降低永磁同步电机振动噪声控制策略进行研究,通过降低逆变器电流谐波实现电机振动噪声的抑制。分别对永磁同步电机矢量控制、随机开关频率调制技术以及逆变器死区补偿技术等进行比较研究。提出了一种混合随机开关频率-死区补偿技术,并且利用基于dSPACE的半实物仿真实验平台进行实验验证。主要研究内容如下:1.永磁同步电机振动噪声与逆变器引入电流谐波的关系理论分析变频器引入电流谐波与永磁同步电机振动噪声的关系,明确了可以通过降低逆变器电流谐波来达到降低永磁同步电机振动噪声的目的。对降低永磁同步电机振动噪声控制技术的发展及应用现状进行分析,比较研究目前国内外学者关于降低电机振动噪声控制技术的优缺点。2.永磁同步电机矢量控制研究在分析永磁同步电机数学模型的基础上,对永磁同步电机矢量控制方法的分类及原理进行了深入了解;然后对空间电压矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术的基本原理以及对各个部分的实现方法进行阐述。3.随机调制技术及逆变器死区补偿技术研究对随机调制技术的分类及机理进行对比研究,分析了各自的优缺点,结合SVPWM调制技术阐释了随机开关频率SVPWM技术;深入分析SVPWM逆变器的死区效应对逆变器输出电压电流的影响,在前人研究成果基础上采用电流反馈平均电压补偿法进行死区补偿。4.混合随机开关频率-死区补偿技术研究通过分析研究随机开关频率调制技术和死区补偿技术各自的优缺点,提出了混合随机开关频率-死区补偿技术。利用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件建立永磁同步电机矢量控制系统仿真模型,对固定开关频率调制技术、随机开关频率调制技术、死区补偿技术和混合随机开关频率-死区补偿技术进行了对比仿真分析。结果表明,混合随机开关频率-死区补偿技术可以结合随机开关频率调制技术和死区补偿技术的优点,不仅可有效降低低频电流谐波幅值和含量,同时可以降低开关频率及倍频处的谐波幅值,并使得开关频率处的电流谐波频谱分布更加均匀。5.基于dSPACE的半实物仿真实验研究搭建了基于dSPACE的半实物仿真实验平台,进行随机开关频率调制技术、死区补偿技术和混合随机开关频率-死区补偿技术对降低电流谐波的验证实验。结果表明,随机开关频率调制技术可有效降低开关频率处的高次谐波,死区补偿技术可有效降低低频电流谐波,混合随机开关频率-死区补偿技术可以有效降低低频电流谐波幅值和开关频率及倍频处的电流谐波幅值。实验结果验证了前文的仿真分析结果。综上所述,本文首先理论分析了电机振动噪声与逆变器引入电流谐波的关系,提出了一种混合随机开关频率-死区补偿控制方法。通过仿真和实验分析得出,此方法可综合随机开关频率调制技术和死区补偿技术的优点,有效降低低频电流谐波幅值和开关频率及倍频处的电流谐波幅值,根据电流谐波与永磁同步电机振动噪声的关系,所提出的方法可以降低永磁同步电机振动噪声。
[Abstract]:Because of high power density, permanent magnet synchronous motor is widely used in servo robots, electric vehicles, medical devices, and high grade household appliances. These occasions have strict requirements for vibration and noise. At present, the frequency converter is widely used in the motor drive. When the permanent magnet synchronous motor is powered by the frequency converter, the stator current contains a lot of harmonics, and these harmonics are used. After the armature reaction of the rotor magnetic field, the air gap magnetic field produces a large number of harmonics, which leads to the increase of the harmonic in the electromagnetic force wave. These harmonics will enhance the vibration of the motor and produce unbearable noise. The main work of this paper is to reduce the vibration of permanent magnet synchronous motor and analyze the vibration of permanent magnet synchronous motor. The relationship between the noise and the harmonic current of the inverter is studied. The control strategy of reducing the vibration and noise of permanent magnet synchronous motor is studied. The suppression of the vibration and noise of the motor is realized by reducing the current harmonics of the inverter. The vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor, the frequency modulation technology of random switch and the dead time compensation technique of the inverter are compared. A hybrid random switch frequency dead zone compensation technique is developed and the dSPACE based hardware in the loop simulation experiment platform is used to verify the experiment. The main contents are as follows: 1. the relationship between the vibration noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the current harmonics introduced by the inverter is used to analyze the vibration and noise of the current harmonics and the permanent magnet synchronous motor. The purpose of reducing the vibration and noise of permanent magnet synchronous motor can be achieved by reducing the current harmonics of the inverter. The development and application of the vibration and noise control technology of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the domestic and foreign scholars on reducing the vibration and noise control technology of the electric machine,.2. permanent magnet, are compared and studied. On the basis of analyzing the mathematical model of PMSM, the research on the classification and principle of PMSM vector control method is deeply understood. Then, the basic principle of the space voltage vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technology and the realization method of each part of the.3. random modulation technology are expounded. The research on the dead time compensation technology of inverter studies the classification and mechanism of random modulation technology, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, and interprets the random switching frequency SVPWM technology with SVPWM modulation technology, and analyzes the influence of the dead time effect of the SVPWM inverter on the output voltage and current of the inverter, which is based on the previous research results. The current feedback average voltage compensation method is used to carry out the dead area compensation.4. hybrid random switch frequency dead zone compensation technology. By analyzing and studying the advantages and disadvantages of the random switching frequency modulation technology and dead zone compensation technology, a hybrid random switch frequency dead zone compensation technology is proposed. The permanent magnet synchronization is established by using the Matlab/Simulink simulation software. The simulation model of the motor vector control system is compared with the fixed switching frequency modulation technology, the random switching frequency modulation technology, the dead zone compensation technique and the hybrid random switch frequency dead zone compensation technique. The results show that the hybrid random switch frequency dead zone compensation technique can be combined with random switching frequency modulation technology and death. The advantages of area compensation technology can not only reduce the amplitude and content of harmonic current effectively, but also reduce the amplitude of the switching frequency and frequency doubling, and make the current harmonic spectrum distribution more uniform in the switching frequency and.5. based on the hardware in the loop simulation experiment based on the dSPACE. The hardware in the loop simulation experiment platform based on dSPACE is built. Random switching frequency modulation technology, dead zone compensation technology and hybrid random switch frequency dead zone compensation technique are used to verify the harmonic current reduction. The results show that the random switching frequency modulation technology can effectively reduce the high harmonic in the switching frequency, and the dead zone compensation technique can effectively reduce the harmonics of low frequency current, and the hybrid random switch can be effectively reduced. The frequency dead zone compensation technique can effectively reduce the harmonic amplitude of low frequency current and the amplitude of the current harmonics at the switching frequency and frequency doubling. The experimental results verify the results of the simulation analysis in the previous article. In summary, the relationship between the vibration noise of the motor and the current harmonics introduced by the inverter is analyzed, and a hybrid random switching frequency is proposed. By simulation and experimental analysis, this method can synthesize the advantages of random switching frequency modulation technology and dead zone compensation technique, effectively reduce the harmonic amplitude and switching frequency of low frequency current and the amplitude of current harmonic in frequency doubling, and propose the relationship between current harmonic and the vibration and noise of permanent magnet synchronous motor. The method can reduce the vibration and noise of PMSM.
【学位授予单位】：上海电力学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341

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