无线充电技术研究及其在电动汽车充电中的应用

发布时间：2018-07-14 15:41

【摘要】：全球性的能源危机和环境污染推动了世界各国电动汽车行业的发展,越来越多的汽车厂商将重心放在电动汽车的研发和应用当中,电动汽车得到了飞速发展。但是受电池技术的限制,电动汽车每充满一次电所能行驶的距离有限,不适合于长途行驶,在很大程度上限制了电动汽车的发展。大量的电动汽车接入到电网中,必然给电网的稳定运行带来一定的冲击,因此有必要对电动汽车充电系统进行深入研究,使得大规模电动汽车接入电网同时不影响传统电网的正常功能,并且满足其充电需求。传统的充电设备为有线式充电,是由充电桩完成对电动汽车的供电功能。但是,充电桩占地面积大,且一个充电桩只能给一辆电动汽车充电,当其数量较多规模较大时,不一定能同时满足所有汽车的充电需求。本文分析无线电能传输技术的原理,对动力电池的充放电特性进行研究,选择适合于电动汽车的无线充电原理,对无线充电系统的构架进行设计。(1)对主流的三种无线电能传输技术展开理论分析。介绍电磁耦合式无线电能传输技术、共振式无线电能传输技术以及电波式无线电能传输技术原理,建立各种无线电能传输技术的等效电路模型,根据电路模型,用数学表达式对三种技术的电能传输效率和功率进行表示,研究各参数对效率和功率大小的影响。从各方面对三种技术进行比较。(2)本章分析共振式无线充电技术原副线圈之间距离以及互感值对传输功率的影响,仿真分析电能传输效率与互感值的关系;分析各类型电动汽车充电需求,并且就无线电能技术应用于电动汽车充电中可行性以及应用价值进行研究。(3)结合实际应用,给出电动汽车无线充电实现的系统需求。提出了静态无线充电系统架构,该系统由电能预处理、发送、接收、充电控制以及电池负载五个模块构成,分析各个模块的要求,并选择合适的电路结构,给出一对一静态无线充电系统的结构拓扑图。并且提出当电动汽车数量较多的时候可以结合一对多充电技术,对静态无向充电系统进行改进。此外,结合高速公路无线充电需求,分析动态无线充电系统,提出了高速公路动态无线充电系统构架,并且给出系统的工作过程。
[Abstract]:The global energy crisis and environmental pollution have promoted the development of electric vehicle industry in the world. More and more automobile manufacturers focus on the research and application of electric vehicles, and electric vehicles have been rapidly developed. However, due to the limitation of battery technology, the distance that electric vehicles can travel every time is limited, which is not suitable for long-distance driving, which limits the development of electric vehicles to a great extent. A large number of electric vehicles are connected to the power grid, which is bound to bring a certain impact to the stable operation of the power grid, so it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the charging system of electric vehicles. The large scale electric vehicle is connected to the power grid without affecting the normal function of the traditional power grid and meets its charging requirements. The traditional charging equipment is wired charging, and the power supply function of electric vehicle is accomplished by charging pile. However, the charge pile occupies a large area, and a charging pile can only charge an electric vehicle, and when the number is larger, it may not meet the charging needs of all cars at the same time. In this paper, the principle of radio energy transmission technology is analyzed, the charging and discharging characteristics of power battery are studied, and the principle of wireless charging suitable for electric vehicle is selected. The framework of wireless charging system is designed. (1) theoretical analysis of three main radio energy transmission technologies. The principle of electromagnetic coupled radio energy transmission technology, resonance radio energy transmission technology and radio wave radio energy transmission technology are introduced. The equivalent circuit models of various radio energy transmission technologies are established, according to the circuit model, The power transmission efficiency and power of the three techniques are expressed by mathematical expressions, and the effects of each parameter on the efficiency and power are studied. The three technologies are compared from various aspects. (2) this chapter analyzes the influence of the distance between the primary and secondary coils and the mutual inductance on the transmission power of the resonant wireless charging technology, and simulates the relationship between the transmission efficiency and the mutual inductance; This paper analyzes the charging requirements of various types of electric vehicles, and studies the feasibility and application value of radio energy technology in electric vehicle charging. (3) combined with practical application, the system requirements of wireless charging of electric vehicles are given. The structure of static wireless charging system is proposed. The system is composed of five modules: preprocessing, sending, receiving, charging control and battery load. The requirements of each module are analyzed, and the appropriate circuit structure is selected. The topology diagram of one-to-one static wireless charging system is given. When the number of electric vehicles is large, the static undirected charging system can be improved by combining one-to-many charging technology. In addition, the dynamic wireless charging system is analyzed according to the requirement of highway wireless charging, and the framework of expressway dynamic wireless charging system is proposed, and the working process of the system is given.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM724

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