直驱式风力发电机组变桨调速控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 14:41

【摘要】：我国对于清洁可再生能源的开发利用极为重视,无论是以前还是现在,风能的有效利用率总是与清洁能源密切相关,能够较好的利用风能发电可以减少煤炭、化石燃料的使用,从而减少污染,如雾霾,酸雨等等一系些列对人类衣食住行有损的自然灾害。由于自动化技术飞快的发展以及大量的自动化产品普遍使用,风能的利用也随之迅速发展,从之前的单机容量发展到现在的几百兆瓦,它的控制方法也从定桨转向变桨距控制,即是目前使用的变速控制方法。直驱式风力发电机组是一种无齿轮箱的风力发电机,降低了因为齿轮箱磨碎等问题带来的失效问题。直驱式风力发电机使用在风力发电场中,其具有低风速运行时候的高效利用率、减少了在损害过程中的维护成本等等一系列优点,并且得到相对比较快速的发展。本文内容研究的目的是为了提高风能的最大利用率,实现直驱式风力发电机组无人工操作的自动控制,就变桨调速控制系统存在的一些问题进行一定的研究。本文通过风力机的空气动力学基础知识,计算出叶尖速度比值?及桨叶的节距角度值?以及风能的利用系数pC之间是呈非线性的关系,提出把PID控制、PLC控制策略引入模糊控制器,构成以PLC作为执行器与模糊PID复合控制相结合的方法。然根据变桨调速系统中相应部件的执行顺序,设计变桨调速的硬件系统,利用Gx-Developer软件设计变桨调速的控制系统,通过相应的I/O信号分配表、编写梯形图程序。同时本文采用了89C52单片机作为核心的处理器,并对硬件的外围电路进行设计,主要有AD/DA转换模块,最小系统模块,人体红外感应模块、红外遥控等。并对直驱式风力发电机组各个组成部分进行了解,根据直驱式风力发电机组的特性,并通过风速和风力机的特点,建立相关数学模型,通过MATLAB/Simulink软件进行仿真,分析各执行部件在不同运行速度下,变桨调速系统与风速波动之间的关系,进而验证风机的利用率和发电效率,并根据数据结果,对拟定的变桨调速系统中的相应部件改进修正,在风速高于额定风速时,通过控制桨叶节距角来改变攻角度值从而改变风机获得的空气动力转矩,最终实现功率输出稳定的目的。
[Abstract]:China attaches great importance to the development and utilization of clean and renewable energy. Whether in the past or now, the effective utilization of wind energy is always closely related to clean energy, which can reduce the use of coal and fossil fuels. This reduces pollution, such as haze, acid rain, and so on. With the rapid development of automation technology and the widespread use of a large number of automation products, the use of wind energy has also developed rapidly, from the previous single machine capacity to the present hundreds of megawatts, and its control method has also changed from constant propeller to variable pitch control. That is, the current use of variable speed control method. Direct drive wind turbine is a kind of wind turbine without gear box, which reduces the failure problem caused by gear box grinding. The direct-drive wind turbine used in the wind farm has a series of advantages, such as low wind speed operation efficiency, reduced maintenance cost in the damage process, and relatively rapid development. The purpose of this paper is to improve the maximum utilization rate of wind energy and to realize the automatic control of direct-drive wind turbine without manual operation. Some problems existing in the variable propeller speed regulation control system are studied. Based on the basic knowledge of aerodynamics of wind turbine, the ratio of blade tip velocity to blade tip velocity is calculated in this paper. And pitch angle of the blade? And the nonlinear relation between the utilization coefficient of wind energy, PLC control strategy of pid control is introduced into fuzzy controller, and the method of combining PLC as actuator and fuzzy pid control is proposed. However, according to the execution order of the corresponding parts in the variable propeller speed regulation system, the hardware system of variable propeller speed regulation is designed, and the control system of variable propeller speed regulation is designed by using Gx-Developer software. Through the corresponding I / O signal distribution table, the trapezoidal diagram program is written. At the same time, this paper adopts 89C52 single chip microcomputer as the core processor, and designs the peripheral circuit of the hardware, including ADP-DA conversion module, minimum system module, infrared sensor module, infrared remote control module and so on. According to the characteristics of direct-drive wind turbine, and through the characteristics of wind speed and wind turbine, the related mathematical model is established, and the simulation is carried out by MATLAB / Simulink software. The relationship between the variable propeller speed control system and the wind speed fluctuation is analyzed at different operating speeds, and the utilization ratio and generation efficiency of the fan are verified, and according to the results of the data, the relationship between the variable propeller speed control system and the wind speed fluctuation is analyzed. The corresponding components in the proposed variable pitch speed control system are modified. When the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed, the angle of attack is changed by controlling the pitch angle of the blade to change the aerodynamic torque obtained by the fan. Finally, the power output is stable.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP273;TM315

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