风力发电机限速与充电逆变控制器的研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 16:28

【摘要】：自工业革命以来,全球能源消耗飞速增长,人类面临能源危机,开发利用可再生能源势在必行,风能是重要的可再生能源。风力发电设施可以最大程度上利用风能,本文主要研究的是小型风力发电系统。当前小型风力发电系统的限速和卸荷装置在风速过大时存在一些弊端,风力发电控制器存在原创性不足、体积较大、功能不全、抗干扰能力弱等问题。为了改进小型风力发电系统,解决其存在的问题,本文结合了机械设计制造技术、电力电子技术、微型控制器技术等对小型风力发电系统进行了初步研究设计。离网型小型风力发电系统主要由风轮、发电机、充电控制器、蓄电池、逆变控制器5部分组成。本文主要针对小型风力发电系统风轮的限速机构、充电控制器和逆变控制器进行了研究。本文设计了两种风轮限速机构,其省去了变桨距系统和电气卸荷装置,叶片自身能够通过快速调节受风面面积快速实现限速功能,且安全可靠,本文对其中一种限速机构进行了仿真分析,仿真结果证明其可以有效降低风轮转速;本文针对300W小型风力发电系统设计了充电控制器,其可以将发电机发出的不稳定交流电转化为稳定的28V直流电为24V蓄电池充电,斩波频率为100k Hz,这能够有效降低充电控制器体积,其具有输出过流、过压保护,蓄电池满电、亏电检测功能;本文还设计了容量为500VA逆变控制器,其可以将24V蓄电池输出的直流电转化为220V交流电供用户负载使用,其采用数字化控制模式,抗干扰能力强、拓扑简单,逆变效率、精度高,具有输入过压保护,输出过压保护,输出过流保护功能。
[Abstract]:Since the industrial revolution, the global energy consumption has been increasing rapidly, the mankind is facing the energy crisis, the development and utilization of renewable energy is imperative, wind energy is an important renewable energy. Wind power generation facilities can maximize the use of wind power, this paper mainly focuses on small wind power systems. At present, there are some disadvantages in the speed limit and unloading device of the small wind power system when the wind speed is too large. The wind power controller has some problems, such as lack of originality, large volume, incomplete function, weak anti-jamming ability and so on. In order to improve the small wind power generation system and solve the existing problems, this paper combines the mechanical design and manufacturing technology, power electronics technology, micro-controller technology and so on to carry on the preliminary research and design to the small scale wind power generation system. Off-grid wind power system consists of wind turbine, generator, charging controller, battery and inverter controller. In this paper, the speed limiting mechanism, charging controller and inverter controller of wind turbine in small scale wind power system are studied. In this paper, two kinds of speed limiting mechanism of wind turbine are designed, which saves the variable pitch system and the electric unloading device. The blade itself can quickly realize the speed limit function by adjusting the area of the wind surface quickly, and it is safe and reliable. In this paper, one of the speed limiting mechanisms is simulated and analyzed, and the simulation results show that the speed of wind turbine can be reduced effectively, and a charging controller is designed for 300W small wind power generation system. It can convert unstable alternating current from generator to stable 28V DC charge for 24V battery, chopping frequency is 100kHz, this can effectively reduce the volume of charging controller, it has output overcurrent, overvoltage protection, battery full charge. This paper also designs a 500VA inverter controller with capacity of 220V AC, which can be converted from 24V battery to 220V AC for user load. It adopts digital control mode, has strong anti-interference ability, and has simple topology. Inverter efficiency, high accuracy, with input overvoltage protection, output over-current protection function.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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