锂离子蓄电池组管理系统设计

发布时间：2018-08-05 18:22

【摘要】：蓄电池充放电控制、单体均衡管理、电池组荷电状态(sOC)估算和锂离子电池各项重要控制参数检测是锂离子电池管理系统的核心工作,针对以上几个锂电管理的核心问题本文主要从以下几方面开展研究工作：开发锂电池管理系统的最终目的是完成对蓄电池的充电管控。一个理想的控制方式可以让电池充电时间大大压缩并且能有效提升电池的工作寿命提高其可靠性和安全性,是以在工程应用上设计一种既能符合工程需求(经济、高效)又能符合锂离子电池本身充电特性的电池管理系统是极其必要的。传统的充电管理方式单一,不能满足锂离子电池的充电需求或工程应用,针对该情况,本文设计了一种工程上可以普及的智能充电管理方案,该方案在传统锂电充电控制的基础上提出了分阶段控制方式,通过采集到的电池组电压来确定当前采用何种充电控制方式,充电流程包括：预充区、恒流区、脉冲区和恒压区,每个充电阶段都引入温度控制机制,以确保在快速充电的同时,保证锂离子电池的安全和寿命。由于目前的电池单体均衡控制方式普遍存在高设计成本和低效的情况,本文设计了一种开关LC谐振均衡控制电路,该方案用LC储能元件为能量流动载体,通过对开关矩阵的操控和管理,达成各单体间的电能流动,实现整组锂电池间所有单体均衡控制的最终目的。与其他均衡方式相比较,该方法不仅易于扩展,而且均衡效率更高。如何准确估算电池组当前剩余容量是一个普遍存在的难题,本文在比较了目前多种荷电状态计算优劣的基础上,提出了实验法和Peukert安时计相结合的锂离子电池SOc估计方案,该方案利用实验法的准确性和安时计法的鲁棒性,较好地克服了锂电池组当前剩余容量实时精确预估的难题。作为外部信息的感知来源,如何精确获得锂电池各项重要控制参数是整个管理系统运作的前提。针对当前电池组单体电压检测难题,提出了基于互导放大的单体电池检测电路,该电路具有精度高、温漂特性好以及对称性高等优点。为了解决锂电管理系统难以规模化集成的难题,本文提出了模块化的方案设想,并在这个设想的基础上设计了模块化检测电路。立足于均衡电路和重要参数获取中模块化的设想,本文提出了集中-分布式的锂离子电池管理系统,将整个管理模块分为主控单元和监控单元,主控单元的职责是完成整个系统的正常运行和管控,监控单元的职责是负责各项参数的检测,通过软件和硬件的有机结合实现了锂离子蓄电池管理系统的设计。
[Abstract]:Battery charge and discharge control, cell balance management, battery charge state (sOC) estimation and various important control parameters of lithium ion battery are the core work of lithium ion battery management system. Aiming at the core problems of the lithium battery management, this paper mainly studies the following aspects: the final purpose of developing the lithium battery management system is to complete the charge control of the battery. An ideal control method can greatly compress the battery charge time and effectively enhance the working life of the battery to improve its reliability and safety. A battery management system that meets the charging characteristics of lithium ion batteries is essential. The traditional charging management method is single, which can not meet the charging requirement or engineering application of lithium ion battery. In view of this situation, this paper designs a kind of intelligent charging management scheme which can be popularized in engineering. Based on the traditional lithium charging control, a phased control method is proposed. The current charging control mode is determined by the collected battery pack voltage. The charging process includes: precharge area, constant current region, pulse region and constant voltage area, the charging process includes: precharge area, constant current region, pulse region and constant voltage area. Temperature control mechanism is introduced in each charging stage to ensure the safety and lifetime of lithium ion batteries while charging rapidly. Because of the high design cost and low efficiency in the current single cell equalization control mode, a switching LC resonant equalization control circuit is designed in this paper. The LC energy storage element is used as the energy flow carrier in this scheme. Through the control and management of the switching matrix, the electric energy flow among the cells can be achieved, and the final goal of the equalization control of all the cells among the lithium batteries can be realized. Compared with other equalization methods, this method is not only easy to expand, but also more efficient. How to accurately estimate the current residual capacity of the battery pack is a common problem. On the basis of comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various current charge state calculations, a scheme of SOc estimation for lithium-ion batteries combined with experimental method and Peukert ammeter is proposed in this paper. By using the accuracy of the experimental method and the robustness of the ammeter method, this scheme can overcome the problem of real-time accurate estimation of the current residual capacity of the lithium battery pack. As a perceptual source of external information, how to accurately obtain the important control parameters of lithium battery is the premise of the operation of the whole management system. Aiming at the current problem of single cell voltage detection, a single cell detection circuit based on mutual conductance amplification is proposed. The circuit has the advantages of high precision, good temperature drift and high symmetry. In order to solve the difficulty of large-scale integration of lithium electric management system, this paper proposes a modular scheme and designs a modular detection circuit based on this assumption. Based on the idea of modularization in equalization circuit and important parameter acquisition, a centralized distributed lithium ion battery management system is proposed in this paper. The whole management module is divided into main control unit and monitoring unit. The responsibility of the main control unit is to complete the normal operation and control of the whole system, the responsibility of the monitoring unit is to be responsible for the detection of the parameters, and the design of the lithium ion battery management system is realized through the organic combination of the software and the hardware.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM912

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