叶轮不平衡故障下双馈风力发电机运行特性分析及控制研究
发布时间：2018-10-30 16:34
【摘要】：风能因其洁净、绿色无污染而日渐成为世界各国争相发展的新能源,风力发电技术也因此成为世界领域的重点研究课题。随着风力发电技术的迅猛发展,风电机组单机容量和叶片长度也快速增长,机组传动链的柔性增大、阻尼变小,这使得风力机气动载荷的变化对整个机组的影响也变得更加复杂和不易控,因此研究气动载荷变化对风力机气动特性、发电机运行特性以及相关控制策略的影响变得非常重要。叶轮不平衡故障是影响风力机气动载荷及其气动特性的重要因素,也是风电机组的常见故障。目前对该故障的研究尚不够全面,尤其是故障对发电机和相应控制策略的影响研究还较少,故障诊断机制不完善。因此本课题以双馈风力发电机组为例,针对叶轮不平衡故障展开了系统研究。首先分析了叶轮不平衡故障的常见类型和机理;重点阐述了故障对双馈风力发电机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)电气特性的影响以及如何建立故障的诊断机制;还研究了机组最大风能追踪(Maximum Power Point Tracking,MPPT)控制策略与故障的交叉耦合;探索了如何通过改进控制策略减少故障对机组发电效率和电能质量的影响。具体的工作和研究内容如下:(1)搭建了适合叶轮不平衡故障模拟和分析的仿真平台,该平台全面考虑了风力机空气动力学、动量-叶素理论(blade element moment,BEM)、机舱和塔座以及传动链的结构动力学、双馈发电机暂态特性及其矢量控制策略,为叶轮不平衡故障和机组特性仿真结果的正确性打下基础。(2)叶轮不平衡故障主要包括叶轮质量不平衡和气动不对称。首先分析了叶轮质量不平衡故障的机理,提出一种基于传动链模型和dq坐标变换相结合的分析方法,从而获得了故障时双馈风力发电机的电气特性变化,主要包括转子电流、定子电流和功率特性,并进行了仿真和实验验证。(3)分析了叶轮气动不对称故障的机理,由于叶片翼型的改变,使得叶轮输出的气动载荷发生改变,引入了不对称切向附加力、轴向附加力、附加转矩和附加弯矩的概念,分析了气动载荷的变化对DFIG电气特性的影响,首次获得了叶轮气动不对称故障下DFIG转子电流、定子电流的变化特点,提出了一种基于DFIG定、转子电流和功率特性的叶轮气动不对称故障诊断方法。(4)分析了变速恒频风力发电机组的运行区域和相应的控制特点,重点讨论了基于最佳功率-转速曲线的最大风能追踪控制策略的两种模式,并分析了MPPT控制与故障的交叉作用与耦合,结合转子侧变换器(rotor side converter,RSC)矢量控制(vector control,VC)策略分析了故障对机组机电气特性的影响,得出了一些新的结论。(5)叶轮不平衡故障造成气动转矩周期波动,甚至较大幅度下降,不仅加剧机组的振动,影响机组的寿命,还会进一步影响机组输出的电能质量,降低发电效率。这些问题与风力发电机组传动系柔性大、阻尼小存在很大关系。从机组动力源头出发,分析了气动载荷波动沿机组传动链传递的过程,解析求解了机组的阻尼特征。提出了一种增加机组传动链阻尼的转矩补偿策略,在一定程度上抑制了气动载荷波动所造成的机组故障谐波,改善了机组电气参量的波形,提高了电能质量。论文系统研究了风力发电机组叶轮不平衡故障的机理、故障对双馈风力发电机电气特性的影响、考虑了机组控制策略与故障的交叉作用以及载荷造成的谐波抑制策略。论文的研究内容丰富、完善了叶轮不平衡故障的理论体系,对于降低机组振动、提高机组寿命和发电效率、降低发电成本具有一定的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Wind power has become a new energy source for all countries in the world because of its clean and pollution-free environment, and the wind power generation technology has become a key research topic in the world. With the rapid development of the wind power generation technology, the single unit capacity and blade length of the wind turbine generator unit also increase rapidly, the flexibility of the unit transmission chain increases, and the damping becomes smaller, so that the influence of the aerodynamic load of the wind turbine on the whole unit becomes more complicated and difficult to control, Therefore, it is very important to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine, the operating characteristics of the generator and the related control strategies. The unbalance fault of impeller is an important factor that affects the aerodynamic load of wind turbine and its aerodynamic characteristics. It is also the common fault of wind turbine generator set. At present, the research on the fault is not comprehensive, especially the research on the influence of the fault on the generator and the corresponding control strategy is less, and the fault diagnosis mechanism is not perfect. Therefore, the problem of unbalance of impeller is studied by using double-feed wind generating set as an example. Firstly, the common types and mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller are analyzed; the influence of fault on electric characteristics of double-fed wind generator (DFIG) and how to set up the fault diagnosis mechanism is emphasized, and the maximum wind energy tracing (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is also studied. MPPT (MPPT) control strategy is cross-coupled with fault, and how to reduce the effect of failure on power generation efficiency and power quality by improving control strategy is explored. The specific work and research contents are as follows: (1) A simulation platform suitable for the simulation and analysis of unbalance fault of the impeller is set up. The platform comprehensively takes into account the aerodynamics, momentum-blade theory (BEM), nacelle and tower base, and the structural dynamics of the transmission chain. The transient characteristic and the vector control strategy of the double-feed generator will lay the foundation for the unbalance fault of the impeller and the correctness of the simulation result of the unit's characteristic. (2) The unbalance of impeller unbalance mainly includes unbalance of impeller mass and aerodynamic asymmetry. First of all, the mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller is analyzed, and a kind of analysis method based on transmission chain model and dq coordinate transformation is proposed to change the electrical characteristics of double-feed wind generator when fault is obtained, including rotor current, stator current and power characteristic. The simulation and experimental verification are carried out. (3) The mechanism of aerodynamic asymmetric failure of the impeller is analyzed, and the aerodynamic loads output by the impeller are changed due to the change of the blade airfoil, and the concept of asymmetric tangential additional force, axial additional force, additional torque and additional bending moment is introduced. The influence of aerodynamic load on the electrical characteristics of DFIG is analyzed. The characteristics of DFIG rotor current and stator current are obtained for the first time, and a fault diagnosis method based on DFIG stator, rotor current and power characteristic is proposed. (4) The operating region and the corresponding control characteristics of the variable speed constant frequency wind turbine generator set are analyzed, the two modes of the maximum wind energy tracking control strategy based on the optimal power-speed curve are discussed, and the cross function and coupling of MPPT control and fault are analyzed. Based on the rotor side converter (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC), some new conclusions are obtained. (5) The unbalance of the impeller causes the fluctuation of the pneumatic torque period, and even decreases greatly, not only exacerbates the vibration of the unit but also affects the service life of the unit, but also further affects the power quality of the output of the unit and reduces the power generation efficiency. These problems are related to the flexibility of the drive train of the wind turbine generator set and the small damping. Based on the power source of the unit, the process of pneumatic load fluctuation along the transmission chain of the unit is analyzed, and the damping characteristics of the unit are solved. A torque compensation strategy is proposed to increase the damping torque of the transmission chain of the unit. In some degree, the harmonic of the unit caused by the fluctuation of the aerodynamic load is restrained, the waveform of the electrical parameters of the unit is improved, and the quality of the electric energy is improved. The paper systematically studies the mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller of wind turbine generator set, the influence of fault on the electrical characteristics of double-feed wind generator, and considers the cross function of the control strategy and fault and the harmonic suppression strategy caused by the load. The research content of the paper is rich, and the theoretical system of unbalance fault of the impeller is perfected, which is of practical significance for reducing the vibration of the unit, improving the life of the unit and the power generation efficiency and reducing the power generation cost.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315
本文编号：2300545
[Abstract]:Wind power has become a new energy source for all countries in the world because of its clean and pollution-free environment, and the wind power generation technology has become a key research topic in the world. With the rapid development of the wind power generation technology, the single unit capacity and blade length of the wind turbine generator unit also increase rapidly, the flexibility of the unit transmission chain increases, and the damping becomes smaller, so that the influence of the aerodynamic load of the wind turbine on the whole unit becomes more complicated and difficult to control, Therefore, it is very important to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine, the operating characteristics of the generator and the related control strategies. The unbalance fault of impeller is an important factor that affects the aerodynamic load of wind turbine and its aerodynamic characteristics. It is also the common fault of wind turbine generator set. At present, the research on the fault is not comprehensive, especially the research on the influence of the fault on the generator and the corresponding control strategy is less, and the fault diagnosis mechanism is not perfect. Therefore, the problem of unbalance of impeller is studied by using double-feed wind generating set as an example. Firstly, the common types and mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller are analyzed; the influence of fault on electric characteristics of double-fed wind generator (DFIG) and how to set up the fault diagnosis mechanism is emphasized, and the maximum wind energy tracing (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is also studied. MPPT (MPPT) control strategy is cross-coupled with fault, and how to reduce the effect of failure on power generation efficiency and power quality by improving control strategy is explored. The specific work and research contents are as follows: (1) A simulation platform suitable for the simulation and analysis of unbalance fault of the impeller is set up. The platform comprehensively takes into account the aerodynamics, momentum-blade theory (BEM), nacelle and tower base, and the structural dynamics of the transmission chain. The transient characteristic and the vector control strategy of the double-feed generator will lay the foundation for the unbalance fault of the impeller and the correctness of the simulation result of the unit's characteristic. (2) The unbalance of impeller unbalance mainly includes unbalance of impeller mass and aerodynamic asymmetry. First of all, the mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller is analyzed, and a kind of analysis method based on transmission chain model and dq coordinate transformation is proposed to change the electrical characteristics of double-feed wind generator when fault is obtained, including rotor current, stator current and power characteristic. The simulation and experimental verification are carried out. (3) The mechanism of aerodynamic asymmetric failure of the impeller is analyzed, and the aerodynamic loads output by the impeller are changed due to the change of the blade airfoil, and the concept of asymmetric tangential additional force, axial additional force, additional torque and additional bending moment is introduced. The influence of aerodynamic load on the electrical characteristics of DFIG is analyzed. The characteristics of DFIG rotor current and stator current are obtained for the first time, and a fault diagnosis method based on DFIG stator, rotor current and power characteristic is proposed. (4) The operating region and the corresponding control characteristics of the variable speed constant frequency wind turbine generator set are analyzed, the two modes of the maximum wind energy tracking control strategy based on the optimal power-speed curve are discussed, and the cross function and coupling of MPPT control and fault are analyzed. Based on the rotor side converter (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC), some new conclusions are obtained. (5) The unbalance of the impeller causes the fluctuation of the pneumatic torque period, and even decreases greatly, not only exacerbates the vibration of the unit but also affects the service life of the unit, but also further affects the power quality of the output of the unit and reduces the power generation efficiency. These problems are related to the flexibility of the drive train of the wind turbine generator set and the small damping. Based on the power source of the unit, the process of pneumatic load fluctuation along the transmission chain of the unit is analyzed, and the damping characteristics of the unit are solved. A torque compensation strategy is proposed to increase the damping torque of the transmission chain of the unit. In some degree, the harmonic of the unit caused by the fluctuation of the aerodynamic load is restrained, the waveform of the electrical parameters of the unit is improved, and the quality of the electric energy is improved. The paper systematically studies the mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller of wind turbine generator set, the influence of fault on the electrical characteristics of double-feed wind generator, and considers the cross function of the control strategy and fault and the harmonic suppression strategy caused by the load. The research content of the paper is rich, and the theoretical system of unbalance fault of the impeller is perfected, which is of practical significance for reducing the vibration of the unit, improving the life of the unit and the power generation efficiency and reducing the power generation cost.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315
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