超级电容器的能量限制与提升措施

发布时间：2018-11-03 20:20

【摘要】：介绍了超级电容器是一种新型的绿色能量存储装置,具有高功率、良好循环寿命和工作温度范围广等优点,但是其能量密度较低,甚至达不到新型锂离子电池能量密度的十分之一,成为了限制超级电容器应用的主要问题。文章指出传统超级电容器能量密度限制因素包括:仅电极表面活性物质参与反应,电极电势充放电过程中会不断变化,以及充电过程中电解液离子的消耗等。减少电解液中离子的消耗与提升电极容量成为了解决能量密度较低的有效措施,目前研究的重点包括采用混合型结构、锂离子型结构的超级电容器等。文章指出锂离子电容器结合了传统双电层电容器和锂离子电池的优势,在保持高功率密度的同时提升了能量密度,是一种极具发展前景的混动和纯电动汽车电源。由于预嵌锂的负极也可作为锂的来源,因而锂离子电池可以选择更多的正极材料,从而开启了锂离子电池研究的新大门。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitor is a new type of green energy storage device, which has the advantages of high power, good cycle life and wide working temperature range, but its energy density is relatively low. Even less than 1/10 of the energy density of new lithium ion batteries has become a major problem limiting the application of supercapacitors. It is pointed out that the limiting factors of the energy density of conventional supercapacitors include: only the surface active substances of the electrode take part in the reaction, the potential of the electrode changes continuously during the charging and discharging process, and the consumption of electrolyte ions during the charging process, and so on. Reducing the consumption of ions in electrolyte and lifting the electrode capacity have become the effective measures to solve the problem of low energy density. At present, the emphasis of the research includes the use of hybrid structure, lithium ion type supercapacitors and so on. It is pointed out that lithium ion capacitors combine the advantages of conventional double layer capacitors and lithium ion batteries, and maintain high power density while increasing energy density. It is a promising hybrid and pure electric vehicle power supply. Because the cathode of pre-intercalated lithium can also be used as the source of lithium, lithium ion batteries can choose more cathode materials, thus opening a new door to the research of lithium ion batteries.
【作者单位】：同济大学新能源工程中心;同济大学汽车学院;美国佛罗里达州立大学;
【基金】：国家科技部科技支撑项目(2015BAG06B00)
【分类号】：TM53

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