应用于卫星电源的可分离式变压器设计与实现

发布时间：2018-11-15 09:22

【摘要】：无线输电是一种新型的电能传输方式,该方式打破了电能只能通过有线进行传输的思维定式,由于供电侧和受电侧没有电气连接,这从根本上消除了在插拔过程中或者特殊工作环境下产生电火花或者供电回路短路的可能性,从而避免了由此引起的灾难事故。本文提出将无线输电技术应用到卫星的太阳电池阵-蓄电池组电源系统中,以解决影响航天器工作可靠性的固有瓶颈,针对系统中的核心电气元件可分离式变压器,开展了一系列的理论和实验研究。本文首先介绍了课题的研究背景、国内外研究现状和发展趋势,具体介绍了非接触式阳电池阵-蓄电池组电源系统的构成、工作原理以及设计原则;之后阐述了可分离式变压器的材料特性、磁路特性、传输特性和能量损耗特性,并通过建立互感等效电路模型,详细推导出可分离式变压器原边输入功率、副边输出功率以及传输效率的数学表达式,得出影响变压器传输效率的外部工作和内部结构参数;然后重点介绍可分离式变压器的设计过程:首先选择整体的磁芯结构,通过建立二维轴对称模型,采用有限元仿真分析方法,根据气隙大小对传输效率的影响程度选择了柱面耦合式铁芯结构;之后针对柱面耦合式的可分离式变压器进行进一步设计,包括确定铁镍软磁合金1J50作为铁芯材料;利用磁路的欧姆定律推导出耦合系数的表达式,并根据表达式进行磁芯窗口尺寸的优化设计,提高了变压器的耦合系数;考虑集肤效应的影响,选择具体的利兹线规格;类比普通高频变压器绕组设计方法确定线圈匝数。之后建立优化设计后的变压器二维轴对称模型,研究不同频率和负载值对所设计变压器传输效率的影响,确定变压器最佳工作频率与带负载值并得到相应的传输效率。最后,根据仿真设计得到的结构尺寸,加工并制作出可分离式变压器实验样机,并对其进行传输效率的验证实验,实验结果证明,所设计并实现的变压器能够在100V的高频电压下稳定运行,并且满足传输效率不低于80%的设计指标;并进一步通过实验对仿真结果与实验结果的误差进行分析,得出铁芯材料中的磁滞损耗与涡流损耗是造成误差的主要因素,并对变压器铁芯部分进行均匀切块,通过对比实验证明该方法可以有效减少较低电阻率铁芯材料的涡流损耗对传输效率的不利影响。因此本文的研究成果能够为将来无线输电技术在航天领域的应用提供一定的理论与实践指导作用。
[Abstract]:Wireless transmission is a new mode of power transmission, which breaks the thought that electricity can only be transmitted by wire, because there is no electrical connection between the power supply side and the receiving side. This fundamentally eliminates the possibility of electrical sparks or short circuit in power supply circuits in the process of plugging or in a special working environment, thus avoiding the resulting disaster. In this paper, the wireless transmission technology is applied to the solar array battery power supply system of satellite, in order to solve the inherent bottleneck which affects the reliability of spacecraft, the core electrical components of the system can be separated type transformer. A series of theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out. Firstly, this paper introduces the research background, domestic and international research status and development trend, and introduces the structure, working principle and design principle of the non-contact battery array / battery unit power supply system. Then, the material characteristics, magnetic circuit characteristics, transmission characteristics and energy loss characteristics of separable transformer are expounded, and the input power of the primary edge of separable transformer is deduced in detail by establishing the equivalent circuit model of mutual inductance. The mathematical expressions of the output power and transmission efficiency of the secondary side are obtained, and the external working and internal structure parameters affecting the transmission efficiency of the transformer are obtained. Then the design process of separable transformer is introduced emphatically. Firstly, the whole core structure is selected, and the two-dimensional axisymmetric model is established, and the finite element simulation analysis method is adopted. According to the influence of air gap size on transmission efficiency, the cylindrical coupled core structure is selected. The further design of columnar coupled separable transformer includes the determination of Fe-Ni soft magnetic alloy (1J50) as the core material. The expression of coupling coefficient is deduced by using the Ohm law of magnetic circuit, and the optimum design of the size of magnetic core window is carried out according to the expression, the coupling coefficient of transformer is improved, considering the influence of skin effect, the specific Leeds line specification is selected. The winding number of coils is determined by analogy with common high frequency transformer winding design method. Then a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of the optimized transformer is established to study the influence of different frequencies and load values on the transmission efficiency of the designed transformer. The optimal working frequency and load value of the transformer are determined and the corresponding transmission efficiency is obtained. Finally, according to the structure size of the simulation design, the detachable transformer experimental prototype is processed and manufactured, and the transmission efficiency is verified by the experimental results. The designed and realized transformer can operate stably under the high frequency voltage of 100V and meet the design target of transmission efficiency of not less than 80%. The error of simulation and experiment is analyzed, the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss are the main factors, and the core of transformer is cut evenly. The experimental results show that this method can effectively reduce the negative effect of eddy current loss on the transmission efficiency of low resistivity iron core materials. Therefore, the research results of this paper can provide some theoretical and practical guidance for the future application of wireless transmission technology in aerospace field.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM41

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