沙尘在太阳能光伏组件表面的沉降与冲蚀行为研究

发布时间：2018-11-15 12:16

【摘要】：随着社会经济的不断发展,对能源的需求不断增加,能源的大量消耗直接导致了近年全国范围内形势越来越严峻的空气污染问题。太阳能是一种清洁、无害且发展潜力巨大的可再生能源,受到社会各界的青睐。我国太阳能资源较好的地区为西北地区,非常有利于太阳能资源的大规模开发利用,但该地区沙漠化和荒漠化较为严重,多风多沙的气候特点使得风中携带的沙粒会在太阳能光伏组件表面产生沉降、冲蚀等行为。利用Fluent中混合模型与DPM模型分别模拟沙尘在光伏组件表面的沉降和冲蚀行为。具体研究内容和结果如下:(1)分析沙尘体积分数对光伏组件表面沙尘沉降分布的影响。结果表明:不同入口体积分数时组件表面沙尘的沉降分布是相同的,只是各部分的体积分数不同;最大沉降区的体积分数均为入口体积分数的1.14倍。(2)分析来流风速和太阳能光伏组件的安装倾角对光伏组件表面沙尘沉降及冲蚀率分布的影响。结果表明:随风速的增加,组件表面沙尘的沉降分层逐渐明显,最大冲蚀率增大;随安装倾角的增加,沙尘在组件表面的沉降更加均匀,最大冲蚀率减小。(3)分析沙尘粒径对光伏组件表面沙尘沉降及冲蚀率分布的影响。结果表明:当光伏组件安装倾角小于45°时,随沙尘粒径的增加,沉降更加均匀;倾角大于45°时,随沙尘粒径的增加,沙尘沉降呈现出分散集中的特点。混合粒径的沉降分布主要由粒径较大的颗粒相决定。随沙尘粒径的增加,最大冲蚀率的变化不大,说明粒径不是影响冲蚀率的主要因素。(4)计算组件表面沙尘的沉降量及最大沉降密度。结果表明:随光伏组件安装倾角的增加,沉降量增加;倾角不变时,随风速的增加,沉降量有所减少;最大沉降密度随风速的增加而增大,当安装倾角为45°时,其最大沉降密度达到最大。(5)分析风向角对光伏组件表面的冲蚀率分布。结果表明:随风向角的增加,组件表面的冲蚀率呈增大的趋势,在风向角为75°时达到最大值。(6)分析沙粒质量流量对光伏组件表面冲蚀率分布的影响。结果表明:随质量流量的增加,最大冲蚀率先增大后波动变化,在质量流量为0.35kg/s时达到最大值。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the demand for energy is increasing, and the large amount of energy consumption has directly led to the more and more serious air pollution problem in the whole country in recent years. Solar energy is a clean, harmless and potential renewable energy, which is favored by all walks of life. The region with better solar energy resources in China is the northwest region, which is very conducive to the large-scale development and utilization of solar energy resources, but desertification and desertification are more serious in this area. Due to the characteristics of windy and sandy climate, the sand particles carried in the wind will cause sedimentation and erosion on the surface of solar photovoltaic module. The mixed model and DPM model in Fluent are used to simulate the sedimentation and erosion behavior of sand dust on the surface of photovoltaic module. The main contents and results are as follows: (1) the influence of dust volume fraction on the sand deposition distribution on the surface of photovoltaic module is analyzed. The results show that the settlement distribution of sand dust on the surface of the assembly is the same with different inlet volume fraction, but the volume fraction of each part is different. The volume fraction of the maximum settlement area is 1.14 times of that of the inlet volume fraction. (2) the effects of the wind speed of the incoming flow and the installation inclination of the solar photovoltaic module on the sand deposition and erosion rate distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic module are analyzed. The results show that with the increase of wind speed, the sedimentation and stratification of sand dust on the surface of the module become obvious, and the maximum erosion rate increases. With the increase of installation inclination, the sand settling on the module surface is more uniform, and the maximum erosion rate is reduced. (3) the influence of sand particle size on the sand deposition and erosion rate distribution on the surface of photovoltaic module is analyzed. The results show that when the installation angle of photovoltaic module is less than 45 掳, the sedimentation becomes more uniform with the increase of dust particle size, and when the inclination angle is greater than 45 掳, the sedimentation of sand dust presents the characteristics of dispersion and concentration. The settlement distribution of the mixed particle size is mainly determined by the larger particle size phase. With the increase of sand particle size, the maximum erosion rate does not change much, which indicates that the particle size is not the main factor affecting the erosion rate. (4) the sedimentation amount and maximum sedimentation density of sand dust on the surface of the module are calculated. The results show that the settlement increases with the increase of the installation inclination of the photovoltaic module, and decreases with the increase of the wind speed when the inclination angle is constant. The maximum settlement density increases with the increase of wind speed. When the installation angle is 45 掳, the maximum settlement density reaches the maximum. (5) the erosion rate distribution of wind direction angle on the surface of photovoltaic module is analyzed. The results show that the surface erosion rate increases with the increase of wind direction angle, and reaches the maximum value when wind direction angle is 75 掳. (6) the influence of sand mass flow on the surface erosion rate distribution of photovoltaic module is analyzed. The results show that the maximum erosion increases first and then fluctuates with the increase of mass flow rate, and reaches the maximum when the mass flow rate is 0.35kg/s.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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