农村室内线缆漏电检测定位装置的研究
发布时间：2018-11-24 10:11
【摘要】：电能是一种既便于传输又方便使用的能源,现代生活离不开这种能源。由于我国农村经济的迅速发展,个人用户的用电器种类和数量都有了明显的增加。农村用电环境也变得复杂。为了减少农村触电事故的发生,实现漏电保护器在农村得到重新安装。本文结合现有检测定位方法的优点,以农村室内漏电故障的特征为研究对象,建立了漏电故障仿真模型。提出了漏电故障检测的方法,并对影响检测的因素进行分析,开展了漏电故障检测定位实验研究。首先研究漏电故障对地等效负载的种类,结合实际考察采集数据在Multisim和PSCAD中建立了线性负载和非线性负载的仿真模型并计算出相关参数,并与实际情况中的电流波形进行对比得出模型的可行性。阐述了低压配电网漏电故障的原理,并结合数学模型在PSCAD中建立仿真模型,得出几种典型阻值下的漏电故障等效负载的电流特征,同时应用傅里叶变换分析了非线性负载漏电故障波形特征。然后提出了适用于实际情况的漏电故障检测方法—电磁法。对本文使用的检测方法进行原理说明。通过对载流直导线和其接头处在空间某点产生磁场模型的分析,结合ANSOFT仿真软件对其产生的磁场方向特征进行计算。并对实际情况中可能对磁场检测产生干扰的材料进行分析。结果表明,接头处磁场方向并不是垂直于导线;在建筑材料中,理论上只有某些金属材料会对检测造成干扰。考虑到设备实际的使用环境,设计以磁阻传感器为核心的漏电检测定位设备,以及信号传输系统和数据显示处理软件程序。数据采集传输控制硬件主要包括:数据采集单元、信号发送接收单元、数据显示处理单元等。以IAR Embedded Workbench Evaluation和Labview为软件开发环境,设计完成主程序及各子程序,通过MATLAB对采集信号应用小波包去噪等后续处理。建立了漏电故障检测实验平台,开展传感器特性实验、检测装置抗干扰性实验、以及模拟漏电故障实验。验证了信号通信电路、上位机显示部分在5m范围内通信信号良好、灵活和稳定。通过模拟漏电实验,检测到了线路和漏电点的具体范围,误差范围在1-3cm之间在可接受范围内。表明所设计的装置有一定的实用性。
[Abstract]:Electric energy is a kind of energy which is easy to transmit and easy to use. With the rapid development of rural economy in China, the types and quantity of personal electrical appliances have increased obviously. The rural electricity environment has also become complex. In order to reduce the occurrence of rural electric shock accident, the leakage protector is reinstalled in the countryside. Based on the advantages of the existing detection and location methods, the simulation model of the leakage fault is established by taking the characteristics of the rural indoor leakage fault as the research object. The method of leakage fault detection is put forward, and the factors influencing the detection are analyzed, and the experimental research on the location of leakage fault detection is carried out. First of all, the type of equivalent load of leakage fault to ground is studied. The simulation model of linear load and nonlinear load is established in Multisim and PSCAD, and the relevant parameters are calculated. Compared with the actual current waveform, the feasibility of the model is obtained. This paper expounds the principle of leakage fault in low voltage distribution network and establishes the simulation model in PSCAD combined with mathematical model. The current characteristics of equivalent load of leakage fault under several typical resistance values are obtained. At the same time, the waveform characteristics of nonlinear load leakage fault are analyzed by Fourier transform. Then the electromagnetic method, which is suitable for the detection of leakage fault, is put forward. The principle of the detection method used in this paper is explained. Based on the analysis of the magnetic field generation model at a certain point in space between the current carrying straight wire and its joint, the direction characteristics of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field are calculated by using the ANSOFT simulation software. The materials which may interfere with the magnetic field detection in the actual situation are analyzed. The results show that the magnetic field direction of the joint is not perpendicular to the conductors, and in theory only some metal materials interfere with the detection. Considering the actual application environment of the equipment, the leakage detection and positioning equipment with magnetoresistive sensor as the core is designed, as well as the signal transmission system and the software program of data display and processing. Data acquisition and transmission control hardware mainly includes: data acquisition unit, signal sending and receiving unit, data display processing unit and so on. With IAR Embedded Workbench Evaluation and Labview as the software development environment, the main program and each subroutine are designed and completed, and the wavelet packet denoising and other follow-up processing are applied to the collected signal through MATLAB. The experiment platform of leakage fault detection, the experiment of sensor characteristic, the anti-interference experiment of detecting device and the experiment of simulating leakage fault are established. The signal communication circuit is verified, and the display part of the upper computer is good, flexible and stable in the range of 5m. Through simulated leakage experiments, the specific range of line and leakage point is detected, and the error range is within the acceptable range between 1-3cm. It is shown that the designed device has certain practicability.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM934.31
[Abstract]:Electric energy is a kind of energy which is easy to transmit and easy to use. With the rapid development of rural economy in China, the types and quantity of personal electrical appliances have increased obviously. The rural electricity environment has also become complex. In order to reduce the occurrence of rural electric shock accident, the leakage protector is reinstalled in the countryside. Based on the advantages of the existing detection and location methods, the simulation model of the leakage fault is established by taking the characteristics of the rural indoor leakage fault as the research object. The method of leakage fault detection is put forward, and the factors influencing the detection are analyzed, and the experimental research on the location of leakage fault detection is carried out. First of all, the type of equivalent load of leakage fault to ground is studied. The simulation model of linear load and nonlinear load is established in Multisim and PSCAD, and the relevant parameters are calculated. Compared with the actual current waveform, the feasibility of the model is obtained. This paper expounds the principle of leakage fault in low voltage distribution network and establishes the simulation model in PSCAD combined with mathematical model. The current characteristics of equivalent load of leakage fault under several typical resistance values are obtained. At the same time, the waveform characteristics of nonlinear load leakage fault are analyzed by Fourier transform. Then the electromagnetic method, which is suitable for the detection of leakage fault, is put forward. The principle of the detection method used in this paper is explained. Based on the analysis of the magnetic field generation model at a certain point in space between the current carrying straight wire and its joint, the direction characteristics of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field are calculated by using the ANSOFT simulation software. The materials which may interfere with the magnetic field detection in the actual situation are analyzed. The results show that the magnetic field direction of the joint is not perpendicular to the conductors, and in theory only some metal materials interfere with the detection. Considering the actual application environment of the equipment, the leakage detection and positioning equipment with magnetoresistive sensor as the core is designed, as well as the signal transmission system and the software program of data display and processing. Data acquisition and transmission control hardware mainly includes: data acquisition unit, signal sending and receiving unit, data display processing unit and so on. With IAR Embedded Workbench Evaluation and Labview as the software development environment, the main program and each subroutine are designed and completed, and the wavelet packet denoising and other follow-up processing are applied to the collected signal through MATLAB. The experiment platform of leakage fault detection, the experiment of sensor characteristic, the anti-interference experiment of detecting device and the experiment of simulating leakage fault are established. The signal communication circuit is verified, and the display part of the upper computer is good, flexible and stable in the range of 5m. Through simulated leakage experiments, the specific range of line and leakage point is detected, and the error range is within the acceptable range between 1-3cm. It is shown that the designed device has certain practicability.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM934.31
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