电动汽车用异步电机驱动控制器研究

发布时间：2018-12-07 17:43

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,能源危机和环境污染等问题日益严重,大力发展电动汽车作为缓解这些问题的有效途径被提上议事日程。电动汽车对电机控制系统有独特的要求,具有重要的研究价值。交流电机控制系统成本低、可靠性好、有良好的调速性能,被广泛应用,具有重要的研究意义。近十年来半导体行业发展迅猛,基于电力电子器件的功率变换器被广泛应用于交流电机调速系统中。通过电力电子逆变器可将直流电变换为变频变压的交流电,从而可以很好的实现电机的变速控制。矢量控制技术是一种受到广泛应用的电机控制手段,其核心是通过坐标变换将定子电流矢量转换为两个直流分量并加以控制,实现交流电机转矩与磁通的解耦控制,从而将交流电机等效为直流电机进行控制。本课题基于空间矢量调制(SVPWM)技术,实现对电机的等效正弦电压供电,针对传统磁链引起的计算误差问题,建立了电压电流混合磁链观测模型。控制系统采用了PI调节器解耦控制,实现交流电机的“直流化控制”,动态调节控制参数与算法,满足车辆全速度区间运行需要。硬件方面,以美国TI开发公司的TMS320F2808型DSP芯片为控制核心构建控制电路。系统同时采用了功率变换器,三相交流电机、采样电路和电源驱动电路板。软件方面,采用C语言编写程序,实现混合磁链观测器和空间电压矢量(SVPWM)脉宽调制从而达到调速的目的。通过仿真和实验数据证明了本文提出的软硬件设计符合实际需要,系统具有可靠性强、体积小、功率密度大的特点。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious, so the development of electric vehicles as an effective way to alleviate these problems has been put on the agenda. Electric vehicle has unique requirements for motor control system and has important research value. Ac motor control system with low cost, good reliability, good speed regulation performance, is widely used, and has important research significance. The semiconductor industry has developed rapidly in the past decade. Power converters based on power electronic devices are widely used in AC motor speed control systems. Through the power electronic inverter, the DC can be converted into the variable frequency AC, thus the variable speed control of the motor can be realized well. Vector control is a widely used motor control method. The core of vector control is to convert stator current vector into two DC components and control them through coordinate transformation to realize decoupling control of torque and flux of AC motor. Thus, the AC motor is equivalent to the DC motor for control. Based on the space vector modulation (SVPWM) technique, the equivalent sinusoidal voltage supply to the motor is realized in this paper. Aiming at the calculation error caused by the traditional flux chain, a hybrid flux observation model of voltage and current is established. The control system adopts the decoupling control of PI regulator to realize the DC control of AC motor, and dynamically adjusts the control parameters and algorithm to meet the requirements of vehicle running in full speed range. In the aspect of hardware, the TMS320F2808 type DSP chip of TI Development Company is used as the control core to construct the control circuit. The system uses power converter, three-phase AC motor, sampling circuit and power-driven circuit board. In software, C language is used to program the hybrid flux observer and space voltage vector (SVPWM) pulse width modulation to achieve the purpose of speed regulation. The simulation and experimental data show that the proposed software and hardware design meets the practical needs, and the system has the characteristics of strong reliability, small volume and high power density.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM343

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