利用多源信息的电力系统故障诊断方法与应用
发布时间：2018-12-13 22:19
【摘要】：快速识别电力系统中的故障元件和分析引起故障的原因,有助于尽快恢复系统的正常运行和减少停电损失。气象等要素是导致电力系统故障的主要原因之一,但如何在故障诊断中适当计及这些要素的影响是一个有待深入研究的问题。在此背景下,比较系统地考虑了气象等要素对电力系统故障的影响,在现有故障诊断方法的基础上利用故障发生时刻的气象等外部要素情况分析导致故障的原因。首先,根据发生故障前后的电力系统拓扑结构,识别停电区域,确定候选故障元件;在此基础上,以继电保护和断路器状态为信息源,构建了电力系统故障诊断的一种简化模型,从候选的故障元件中确定故障元件。之后,以从污秽监测系统、雷电监测系统、气象预警系统等外部环境监测设备获得的信息与数据以及所确定的故障元件为故障影响要素分析的信息源,分析导致故障的外部影响因素,以帮助系统运行人员快速定位和排除故障,尽快恢复系统正常运行。针对传统后备保护整定困难、动作延时长、配合关系复杂等问题,提出了一种利用有限相量测量单元的故障识别与广域后备保护策略。首先,根据相量测量单元的安装位置划分后备保护区域;在发生故障时,利用电气量信息确定故障设备所在的后备保护区域,以期快速缩小可疑故障设备范围。接着,提出一种基于解析模型的故障识别方法和广域后备保护策略。当主保护未能成功切除故障时,这种解析模型可综合利用主保护动作警报、断路器动作警报、后备保护启动信息和功率方向继电器指向信息,利用禁忌算法(Tabu Search,TS)求解最优故障假说,并通过解析保护和断路器的动作逻辑判断拒动装置。之后,根据不同的拒动情况提出相应的后备保护策略以防止故障扩大。最后,以IEEE 39节点系统为例,对所提出的方法做了验证。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法是可行的,具有较强的容错能力。针对我国配电网分布式发电、电动汽车以及可控负荷接入量的大规模增多的发展趋势,分析其对传统配电网保护装置配置的影响,以及固有配电网故障诊断及定位方法的不足,建立基于微型同步相量测量装置(Micro Phasor Measurement Unit,μPMU)的智能配电网故障诊断框架。联合μPMU采集的高精度电气量量测信息和馈线终端系统(Feeder Terminal Unit,FTU)监测的节点过电流信息等,提出了适用于具有高渗透率分布式电源的智能配电网故障诊断及定位方法。在故障发生时,根据停电区域确定可疑故障设备的备选范围;其次,综合利用配电系统中控制主站收集到的μPMU和FTU警报信息,建立基于多源信息的配电系统故障诊断解析模型;接着,通过优化算法求解最优解,寻找故障元件;最后,对故障诊断结果进行评价。最后对全文做了总结,并对本文所述的研究内容进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Rapid identification of fault elements in power system and analysis of the causes are helpful to restore the normal operation of the system and reduce the loss of power outage as soon as possible. Meteorology is one of the main causes of power system failure, but how to consider the influence of these factors in fault diagnosis is a problem to be studied deeply. In this context, the influence of meteorological factors on power system faults is systematically considered. Based on the existing fault diagnosis methods, the causes of the faults are analyzed by using the external factors such as weather at the time of fault occurrence. Firstly, according to the topology of the power system before and after the failure, the power failure area is identified and the candidate fault elements are determined. On the basis of this, a simplified model of power system fault diagnosis is constructed with relay protection and circuit breaker state as information source, and fault elements are determined from candidate fault elements. After that, the information and data obtained from external environmental monitoring equipment, such as pollution monitoring system, lightning monitoring system, meteorological early warning system, and the fault elements identified are used as the information sources for the analysis of the factors affecting the failure. In order to help the system operators locate and troubleshoot the faults quickly and restore the normal operation of the system as soon as possible, the external influencing factors are analyzed. Aiming at the problems of traditional backup protection, such as difficult setting, long action delay and complex coordination relationship, a fault identification and wide area backup protection strategy using finite phasor measurement unit is proposed. Firstly, the backup protection area is divided according to the installation position of the phasor measuring unit. In case of failure, the backup protection area of the fault equipment is determined by using the electrical quantity information, in order to reduce the range of the suspected fault equipment quickly. Then, a fault identification method based on analytic model and wide area backup protection strategy are proposed. When the main protection fails to remove the fault successfully, the analytical model can make comprehensive use of the main protection action alarm, circuit breaker action alarm, backup protection startup information and power direction relay pointing information, and make use of the Tabu algorithm (Tabu Search,. TS) is used to solve the optimal fault hypothesis, and the operation logic of the circuit breaker and the protection are analyzed. After that, the backup protection strategy is put forward to prevent the fault from expanding according to the different situations of failure. Finally, taking IEEE 39 bus system as an example, the proposed method is verified. Simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and has strong fault tolerance. In view of the trend of large-scale increase of distributed generation, electric vehicle and controllable load access in China's distribution network, this paper analyzes its influence on the configuration of traditional distribution network protection devices, as well as the shortcomings of fault diagnosis and location methods of inherent distribution network. A fault diagnosis framework for smart distribution network based on micro synchronous phasor measurement device (Micro Phasor Measurement Unit, 渭 PMU) is established. Combining the high precision electrical measurement information collected by 渭 PMU and the node overcurrent information monitored by feeder terminal system (Feeder Terminal Unit,FTU), a fault diagnosis and location method for smart distribution network with high permeability distributed power supply is proposed. When the fault occurs, the range of suspicious fault equipment is determined according to the blackout area. Secondly, using the 渭 PMU and FTU alarm information collected by the control station in the power distribution system, an analytical model of fault diagnosis based on multi-source information is established. Then, the optimal solution is solved by the optimization algorithm, and the fault components are found. Finally, the fault diagnosis results are evaluated. In the end, the paper summarizes the whole paper, and looks forward to the research content described in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM711
[Abstract]:Rapid identification of fault elements in power system and analysis of the causes are helpful to restore the normal operation of the system and reduce the loss of power outage as soon as possible. Meteorology is one of the main causes of power system failure, but how to consider the influence of these factors in fault diagnosis is a problem to be studied deeply. In this context, the influence of meteorological factors on power system faults is systematically considered. Based on the existing fault diagnosis methods, the causes of the faults are analyzed by using the external factors such as weather at the time of fault occurrence. Firstly, according to the topology of the power system before and after the failure, the power failure area is identified and the candidate fault elements are determined. On the basis of this, a simplified model of power system fault diagnosis is constructed with relay protection and circuit breaker state as information source, and fault elements are determined from candidate fault elements. After that, the information and data obtained from external environmental monitoring equipment, such as pollution monitoring system, lightning monitoring system, meteorological early warning system, and the fault elements identified are used as the information sources for the analysis of the factors affecting the failure. In order to help the system operators locate and troubleshoot the faults quickly and restore the normal operation of the system as soon as possible, the external influencing factors are analyzed. Aiming at the problems of traditional backup protection, such as difficult setting, long action delay and complex coordination relationship, a fault identification and wide area backup protection strategy using finite phasor measurement unit is proposed. Firstly, the backup protection area is divided according to the installation position of the phasor measuring unit. In case of failure, the backup protection area of the fault equipment is determined by using the electrical quantity information, in order to reduce the range of the suspected fault equipment quickly. Then, a fault identification method based on analytic model and wide area backup protection strategy are proposed. When the main protection fails to remove the fault successfully, the analytical model can make comprehensive use of the main protection action alarm, circuit breaker action alarm, backup protection startup information and power direction relay pointing information, and make use of the Tabu algorithm (Tabu Search,. TS) is used to solve the optimal fault hypothesis, and the operation logic of the circuit breaker and the protection are analyzed. After that, the backup protection strategy is put forward to prevent the fault from expanding according to the different situations of failure. Finally, taking IEEE 39 bus system as an example, the proposed method is verified. Simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and has strong fault tolerance. In view of the trend of large-scale increase of distributed generation, electric vehicle and controllable load access in China's distribution network, this paper analyzes its influence on the configuration of traditional distribution network protection devices, as well as the shortcomings of fault diagnosis and location methods of inherent distribution network. A fault diagnosis framework for smart distribution network based on micro synchronous phasor measurement device (Micro Phasor Measurement Unit, 渭 PMU) is established. Combining the high precision electrical measurement information collected by 渭 PMU and the node overcurrent information monitored by feeder terminal system (Feeder Terminal Unit,FTU), a fault diagnosis and location method for smart distribution network with high permeability distributed power supply is proposed. When the fault occurs, the range of suspicious fault equipment is determined according to the blackout area. Secondly, using the 渭 PMU and FTU alarm information collected by the control station in the power distribution system, an analytical model of fault diagnosis based on multi-source information is established. Then, the optimal solution is solved by the optimization algorithm, and the fault components are found. Finally, the fault diagnosis results are evaluated. In the end, the paper summarizes the whole paper, and looks forward to the research content described in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM711
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