有机—无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池结构优化研究

发布时间：2019-01-05 04:30

【摘要】：有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池,简称PSCs,是太阳能电池领域的新星,与其他技术相比,PSCs具有很多其他技术无法比拟的优势:其载流子迁移率高、能带宽度契合,对光的吸收能力较强,并且制备工艺简便,制作成本低廉,原材料来源广泛。基于上述优势,其具有非常高的研究价值。本论文以提升电池性能和降低应用成本为目标,从使用廉价碳材料(CNTs、Cc、Cb)作为背电极材料取代空穴传输层和贵金属对电极入手,并对致密层进行优化,降低制备过程中的能耗,并引入溶剂工程来提高器件光电性能。首先,使用低温水浴沉积法制备致密层,探究了反应时间和TiCl4前驱体的浓度对致密层形貌及电池效率的影响,发现在TiCl4浓度为200mM,水热1h的条件下,所生成致密层覆盖最全面,电池达到了最高的转换效率。组装完成基于CNTs背电极的PSCs,并分别对不同构型的电池器件性能进行考察。发现在多孔结构和平面异质结构的太阳能电池中,光电转换效率(PCE)分别达到了 7.03%和6.94%。使用DMF熏蒸的方式修饰钙钛矿表面,发现PSCs的光电转换效率得到了较大幅度的提升,PCE达到了 9.41%。接下来又考察了器件另外两个重要参数,结果表明:DMF的熏蒸在一定程度上增加了器件的重现性,也削弱了迟滞效应。其次,引入Cc和导电炭黑作为背电极材料进一步研究电池的性能并与CNTs材料进行对比。实验结果表明:CNTs、Cc以及导电炭黑作为背电极材料时,均能取得不错的PCE,分别取得7.06%,7.13%和7.35%的效率。接下来,又考察基于这三种碳材料背电极的器件在空气中的稳定性。发现CNTs能够有效的隔绝空气中的水汽,电池的有效寿命达到240小时以上;而另外两种在空气中放置超过10天就几乎失效。由于CNTs的附着性并不是太好,而Cc的附着性比较优异,于是我们将Cc与CNTs以不同比例混合,制成复合碳材料,最后发现CNTs所占比例大时,效率更高并且将CNTs与Cc分别先后喷涂在电池上的效率要大于将两种材料混合后喷涂。
[Abstract]:The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell (PSCs,) is a new star in the solar cell field. Compared with other technologies, PSCs has many advantages that cannot be compared with other technologies: its carrier mobility is high, and its band width fits. The light absorption ability is strong, the preparation process is simple, the production cost is low, and the raw material source is wide. Based on the above advantages, it has very high research value. In order to improve the battery performance and reduce the application cost, this paper starts with the use of cheap carbon material (CNTs,Cc,Cb) to replace the hole transport layer and the noble metal opposite electrode, and optimizes the dense layer. Reduce the energy consumption in the preparation process and introduce solvent engineering to improve the photoelectric performance of the device. Firstly, the dense layer was prepared by low temperature water bath deposition. The effects of reaction time and concentration of TiCl4 precursor on the morphology of the dense layer and the cell efficiency were investigated. It was found that under the condition of 200 mm TiCl4 concentration and 1 h hydrothermal treatment, the dense layer was covered most completely. The battery achieves maximum conversion efficiency. The PSCs, based on CNTs backelectrode was assembled and the performance of different configuration battery devices was investigated. It is found that in the porous and planar heterostructure solar cells, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 7.03% and 6.94, respectively. Using DMF fumigation to modify the perovskite surface, it was found that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PSCs was greatly improved, and the PCE reached 9.41%. Then two other important parameters are investigated. The results show that fumigation of DMF increases the reproducibility of the device to some extent and weakens the hysteresis effect. Secondly, Cc and conductive carbon black were introduced as back electrode materials to further study the performance of the battery and compared with CNTs materials. The experimental results show that when CNTs,Cc and conductive carbon black are used as back electrode materials, the efficiency of PCE, is 7.067.13% and 7.35% respectively. Then, the stability of the devices based on the three carbon material backelectrodes in the air was investigated. It is found that CNTs can effectively insulate water vapor in the air, and the effective life of the battery is over 240 hours, while the other two are almost ineffective after being placed in the air for more than 10 days. Because the adhesion of CNTs is not very good, but the adhesion of Cc is better, so we mix Cc and CNTs in different proportions to make composite carbon materials, and finally find that when the proportion of CNTs is large, The efficiency of spraying CNTs and Cc on the battery is higher than that after mixing the two materials.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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