主动式双向DC-DC电池均衡器的设计

发布时间：2019-01-05 11:20

【摘要】：环境污染和能源危机的问题逐渐成为21世纪的两大难题,随着人们环保意识的提高和政府的大力支持,电动汽车以其节能环保的特质受到了市场的青睐,必将引领着未来汽车行业的发展方向。而电池作为电动汽车的核心部分,其发展现状决定了电动汽车进一步发展的可能性。由于技术上的限制,电动汽车的动力电池是由多个单体电池串联而成的电池组,由于电池的单体性能的不一致性,以及在使用期间的严重的过充和过放现象,将大大影响电池组的使用寿命,因此,电池均衡技术对于电动汽车的产业化发展至关重要。将电池均衡技术运用到充电桩内,保证电池组每一次充电的安全有效性是解决电池组寿命损伤问题的一条途径。国内外最新资料显示,非耗散型均衡技术是目前均衡技术的研究重点,已呈现出了电路结构多元化和控制方法多样化的现状。然而,很多均衡方法仅仅停留在理论研究上,并没有充分考虑电池组实际工作环境下的参数变化,此外,提出的部分均衡控制策略因计算过于复杂也往往难以应用于实际。本文在深入分析国内外对动力电池组均衡技术研究的基础上,针对电动汽车充电时常常发生的不完全充电和过充电情况下,提出了主动式双向DC-DC电池均衡器设计方法。该方法可实现对锂电池组的完全充电,能对24节锂电池组成电池组进行均衡充电。设计的电池均衡系统由均衡主电路和均衡控制器两部分组成。首先详细阐述了均衡主电路与控制器的电路设计。以设计产品级的电池均衡器为目标,探讨了电源供电电路、电源监视电路、DSP外围电路、SPI模块和CAN模块的电路设计方法。其中均衡控制器以DSP为控制核心,辅以凌力尔特公司的LTC6804-2的电压采集模块;其次,设计了一套从对电池电压监控到对电池组个个单体电压均衡的完整方案,设计了有效的均衡策略与SOC估算算法;随后,建立了电池均衡系统的仿真模型,对均衡方案进行了仿真验证。最后,开发了电池均衡器样机,并进行了电磁兼容,高低温测试以及功能性测试,验证了整个系统设计的有效性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:The problems of environmental pollution and energy crisis have gradually become two difficult problems in the 21st century. With the improvement of people's environmental awareness and the support of the government, electric vehicles are favored by the market for their energy saving and environmental protection characteristics. Will lead the future direction of the development of the automotive industry. Battery as the core part of electric vehicle, its development status determines the possibility of further development of electric vehicle. Because of the technical limitation, the battery of electric vehicle is composed of several single cells in series. Because of the inconsistency of the cell's monomer performance, and the serious overcharge and overdischarge phenomenon during the period of use, the electric vehicle's power cell is made up of several single cells in series. The battery life will be greatly affected, so the battery equalization technology is very important for the development of electric vehicle industrialization. It is a way to solve the problem of battery life damage by applying the cell equalization technology to the charging post to ensure the safety and effectiveness of each charge of the battery pack. The latest data at home and abroad show that the non-dissipative equalization technology is the focus of the current equalization technology, which has presented the status quo of circuit structure diversification and control method diversification. However, many equalization methods only focus on theoretical research and do not fully take into account the variation of parameters in the actual operating environment of the battery pack. In addition, the proposed partial equalization control strategy is often difficult to be applied in practice because of the complexity of calculation. Based on the deep analysis of domestic and foreign research on power battery pack equalization technology, this paper presents a design method of active bidirectional DC-DC battery equalizer under the condition of incomplete charging and overcharging often occurring in electric vehicle charging. The method can be used to fully charge the lithium battery pack and equalize the battery pack of 24 lithium cells. The battery equalization system is composed of two parts: the main circuit and the controller. First, the circuit design of the equalization main circuit and controller is described in detail. The design method of power supply circuit, power supply monitor circuit, DSP peripheral circuit, SPI module and CAN module are discussed in order to design the battery equalizer of product level. The equalization controller takes DSP as the control core and the voltage acquisition module of LTC6804-2 of Lingliert Company. Secondly, a complete scheme from cell voltage monitoring to single cell voltage equalization is designed, and an effective equalization strategy and SOC estimation algorithm are designed. Then, the simulation model of battery equalization system is established, and the equalization scheme is verified by simulation. Finally, the prototype of the battery equalizer is developed, and the EMC, high and low temperature tests and functional tests are carried out to verify the validity and reliability of the whole system design.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM912

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