贵金属纳米结构改善薄膜硅太阳能电池性能的仿真

发布时间：2019-01-08 16:45

【摘要】：薄膜非晶硅太阳能电池的活性层厚度很小(不足1微米),导致其对可见光尤其是红光的陷光弱。非晶硅的带隙1.7eV,导致红外光子能量无法有效被吸收利用。上转换发光材料是一种能够将红外光子能量转换为可见光子能量的物质,但是低照度激发下其发光效率极低,限制了其在薄膜非晶硅太阳能电池中的应用。贵金属纳米结构与特定波长入射光相互作用的表面等离子体共振效应,一方面在金属附近形成场强强度为原入射光场强数倍的局域近场,处于局域近场中的非晶硅对光的吸收将得到增强。另一方面,贵金属等离激元能够对上转换发光过程起调制作用,有望有效提高上转换材料在低照度激发下的荧光强度。本文在薄膜非晶硅太阳能电池的迎光面设计了纳米银球阵列,通过银球对入射光散射和局域近场进一步提高电池活性层对AM1.5G中可见光能量的吸收程度。在底部设计了金纳米棒阵列—上转换材料复合衬底,用于将透射到活性层底部的AM1.5G的红外光子能量转换为可见辐射供活性层吸收利用。主要工作为以下几点:(1)优化了银球阵列的几何结构,使其陷光效果尽可能大。(2)探究了表面银球阵列对薄膜非晶硅太阳能电池的电学性能提升效果,从光吸收和载流子分离的角度分析了造成提升的缘故。(3)研究了金纳米棒和上转换发光中心的相互作用过程,得出位于金纳米棒附近的发光中心的荧光得到增强的环境条件。(4)设计了金纳米棒阵列和上转换材料的衬底,并仿真了其对薄膜非晶硅电池的电功率输出的提升效果,验证在自然光照射时上转换材料用于光伏器件的可行性。
[Abstract]:The active layer thickness of thin film amorphous silicon solar cells is very small (less than 1 micron), which leads to the weak trapping light of visible light, especially red light. The band gap of amorphous silicon is 1.7 EV, which results in the energy of infrared photons being absorbed and utilized inefficiently. Up-conversion luminescent material is a kind of material which can convert infrared photons energy into visible photon energy. However, its luminous efficiency is very low under low illuminance excitation, which limits its application in thin film amorphous silicon solar cells. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of the interaction of noble metal nanostructures with incident light at a specific wavelength on the one hand forms a local near field with a field intensity several times the intensity of the original incident light near the metal. The optical absorption of amorphous silicon in local near field will be enhanced. On the other hand, the noble metal isoexcitators can modulate the up-conversion luminescence process, which is expected to effectively improve the fluorescence intensity of the up-conversion materials excited by low illuminance. In this paper, a nanocrystalline silver sphere array is designed on the face of thin film amorphous silicon solar cells. The absorption of visible light energy in AM1.5G is further improved by the scattering of incident light from silver spheres and local near field. A gold nanorod array-up-conversion material composite substrate was designed at the bottom to convert the infrared photon energy of AM1.5G transmitted to the bottom of the active layer into visible radiation for absorption and utilization by the active layer. The main work is as follows: (1) the geometric structure of the silver sphere array is optimized to maximize the light trapping effect. (2) the effect of the surface silver ball array on the electrical performance of the amorphous silicon solar cell is studied. From the angle of optical absorption and carrier separation, the cause of lifting is analyzed. (3) the interaction between gold nanorods and upconversion luminescence centers is studied. The environmental conditions of enhanced luminescence in the luminous center near gold nanorods are obtained. (4) the substrate of gold nanorods array and up-conversion material are designed, and the enhancement effect on the power output of thin film amorphous silicon cells is simulated. The feasibility of using upconversion materials in photovoltaic devices during natural light irradiation was verified.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.41

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