电动汽车用多相容错永磁同步电机的研究

发布时间：2019-01-09 07:30

【摘要】：随着科技的不断发展,能源和环境问题变得日益严重,汽车尾气污染成了人们关注的重点问题,而电动汽车的出现缓解了这个问题。电动汽车具有低污染、低噪声和节能环保等优点,得到大家的高度关注和重视。而驱动电机是电动汽车的核心部分,电动汽车要求驱动电机具有高转矩、低脉动、高可靠性等优点,然而相比传统的三相永磁同步电机,多相永磁同步电机在这几方面更具优势。所以本文以电动汽车用六相容错永磁同步电机为研究对象,对其进行设计和分析研究。首先,本文介绍了多相永磁同步电机的分类、结构和设计方法;根据多相电机的绕组构成,给出了多相电机相数的定义,归纳了多相电机定子绕组与相带的关系。同时介绍了不同种类绕组及其特点。此外介绍了六相双Y移30°绕组的结构和优势,根据绕组磁动势理论,对六相双Y移30°绕组进行了磁动势分析,并分析了磁动势与电磁转矩的关系。其次,根据对传统三相永磁同步电机进行设计的方法,结合多相绕组的基本理论特征,对六相双Y移30°绕组永磁同步电机进行电磁设计,确定了电机的电磁负荷、极槽配合、转子结构及永磁体的材料和尺寸。利用Ansoft有限元软件,建立了六相双Y移30°绕组永磁同步电机模型,对电机空载下的气隙磁密、反电动势、齿槽转矩和负载下的气隙磁密、输出转矩、定转子铁心损耗进行了仿真分析,并与同一规格的三相永磁同步电机进行对比。为了能够进一步提升转矩性能,将六相双Y移30°绕组永磁同步电机注入了三次谐波电流。最后,研究了电机发生断相故障后的性能,利用Ansoft软件分别仿真分析了三相永磁同步电机和六相双Y移30°绕组永磁同步电机一相绕组断相后的转矩性能,以及六相双Y移30°绕组永磁同步电机两相绕组断相、三相绕组断相后的转矩性能。又针对六相双Y移30°绕组永磁同步电机一相绕组断相后的转矩波动,从磁动势入手,运用磁动势分析方法,基于磁动势中的负序分量,提出通过调整剩余相绕组电流相位角来消除负序分量,从而降低转矩波动的容错方法,并通过有限元仿真验证该容错方法的正确性。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, energy and environmental problems become more and more serious. Vehicle exhaust pollution has become the focus of attention, and the emergence of electric vehicles alleviates this problem. Electric vehicles have the advantages of low pollution, low noise and energy saving and environmental protection. The driving motor is the core part of the electric vehicle. The electric vehicle requires the drive motor to have the advantages of high torque, low ripple and high reliability. However, compared with the traditional three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, The multi-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor has more advantages in these aspects. Therefore, this paper takes six compatible error permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicle as the research object, carries on the design and the analysis to it. Firstly, the classification, structure and design method of multiphase permanent magnet synchronous motor are introduced, and the definition of phase number of multiphase motor is given according to the winding structure of multiphase motor, and the relationship between stator winding and phase band of multiphase motor is summarized. At the same time, different kinds of windings and their characteristics are introduced. In addition, the structure and advantages of the six-phase double-Y shifting 30 掳winding are introduced. According to the theory of windings magnetoEMF, the magnetodynamic force analysis of the six-phase double-Y shifting 30 掳winding is carried out, and the relationship between the magnetoEMF and the electromagnetic torque is analyzed. Secondly, according to the design method of the traditional three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and the basic theoretical characteristics of the multi-phase winding, the electromagnetic design of the six-phase double-Y 30 掳winding permanent magnet synchronous motor is carried out, and the electromagnetic load and pole slot matching of the motor are determined. Materials and dimensions of rotor structures and permanent magnets. Using Ansoft finite element software, the model of permanent magnet synchronous motor with six-phase double Y shift 30 掳winding is established. The air gap magnetic density, back EMF, tooth slot torque, air gap magnetic density under load and output torque of the motor under no load are studied. The core loss of stator and rotor is simulated and compared with three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor of the same specification. In order to further improve the torque performance, a 30 掳winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with six phases and two Y phase is injected into the third harmonic current. Finally, the performance of the motor after breaking phase fault is studied. The torque performance of the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and the six-phase double-Y-shifted 30 掳winding permanent magnet synchronous motor after breaking the phase is simulated by Ansoft software. The torque performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with six phase double Y shifting 30 掳winding after breaking phase and three phase winding is discussed. Aiming at the torque fluctuation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with six phase double Y shifting 30 掳winding after breaking the phase, starting from the magnetic EMF, using the method of magnetodynamic force analysis, based on the negative sequence component in the magnetodynamic force, A fault tolerant method is proposed to reduce torque ripple by adjusting the phase angle of residual phase winding current to eliminate the negative sequence component. The correctness of the fault tolerant method is verified by finite element simulation.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341;U469.72

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