永磁同步直线电机推力波动优化及驱动器设计

发布时间：2019-03-14 07:28

【摘要】：永磁同步直线电机(PMLSM)省去中间传动装置,提高了电机的精度和可靠性,随着控制系统不断提高以及数控机床等行业不断发展,PMLSM这样的特性受到广大专家和企业的青睐,采用PMLSM电机作为驱动装置的数控机床实现了高速、高加速度、高精度以及大推力。然而PMLSM也存在明显的缺点,由于电枢铁芯的两端断开造成端部效应,其实际形态为边端力。边端力对数控机床这种要求高加工精度的设备造成很大的影响,电机在制动的瞬间会使系统产生不稳定的震荡,降低驱动器的使用寿命。本文首先介绍了 PMLSM的结构和工作原理,以有限元分析理论为基础在Ansoft Maxwell 3D中搭建了电机的三维模型,并进行磁场分析。通过分析气隙磁密幅值云图观察到直线电机特有的端部效应,接着对端部效应进行分析,通过搭建测力平台,得到端部力拟合曲线。直接转矩控制(DTC)相对于传统的矢量控制具有更广的应用环境。DTC自身的优点和特性弥补了矢量控制的缺陷,它不易受电机参数改变而降低精度,也没有繁杂的计算。根据PMLSM的数学模型在MATLAB中搭建了直线电机直接转矩控制的仿真,然后建立考虑推力波动的直接转矩控制模型,分析推力波动对控制系统造成的影响。提出使用小波抑制推力波动,通过仿真验证其抑制效果,仿真结果表明该方案有效的克服了推力波动对控制系统造成的影响。文章最后以前述的理论和PMLSM的仿真分析为基础,设计了PMLSM的驱动器。其控制系统以芯片TMS320F2812为核心,硬件部分包括主电路和控制电路;软件部分包括主程序设计、PI控制器设计、中断服务子程序设计和故障保护中断程序。
[Abstract]:The permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMLSM) omits the intermediate transmission and improves the precision and reliability of the motor. With the continuous improvement of the control system and the continuous development of the NC machine tools and other industries, such characteristics as PMLSM are favored by the majority of experts and enterprises. The high speed, high acceleration, high precision and high thrust of CNC machine tool with PMLSM motor as driving device are realized. However, PMLSM also has obvious shortcomings. Due to the end effect caused by the disconnection between the two ends of the armature iron core, the actual shape of the armature iron core is the edge-end force. The side-end force has a great influence on the CNC machine tool, which requires high machining precision. The motor will cause the unstable vibration of the system and reduce the service life of the driver at the moment of braking. In this paper, the structure and working principle of PMLSM are introduced firstly. Based on the finite element analysis theory, the 3D model of motor is built in Ansoft Maxwell 3D, and the magnetic field is analyzed. The end effect of linear motor is observed by analyzing the cloud image of air gap magnetic density, then the end effect is analyzed, and the fitting curve of end force is obtained by building a force measuring platform. Compared with traditional vector control, direct torque control (DTC) has a wider application environment. The advantages and characteristics of DTC make up for the defect of vector control, and it is not easy to reduce the precision due to the change of motor parameters, and has no complicated calculation. According to the mathematical model of PMLSM, the simulation of direct torque control of linear motor is built in MATLAB. Then the model of direct torque control considering thrust fluctuation is established, and the influence of thrust fluctuation on the control system is analyzed. Wavelet is proposed to suppress thrust fluctuation, and its effectiveness is verified by simulation. The simulation results show that this scheme can effectively overcome the impact of thrust fluctuation on the control system. Finally, based on the above theory and the simulation analysis of PMLSM, the driver of PMLSM is designed. The core of the control system is the chip TMS320F2812, the hardware part includes the main circuit and the control circuit, the software part includes the main program design, the PI controller design, the interrupt service subprogram design and the fault protection interrupt program.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM359.4

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