火电机组汽轮机房通风数值模拟及优化研究
发布时间：2019-04-02 20:29
【摘要】：近年来火电机组的发展面临着来自国家、社会和行业等多个层面上的压力,共同决定了火电机组需采取更丰富的节能减排措施、营造更舒适的运行工作环境,而汽轮机房作为建筑节能重要区域和人员工作主要场所,易出现局部高温、流通不畅、能量损失等问题,因此其内部设备散热特性和通风规律值得重点研究。众多学者采用了多种方法对汽轮机房通风设计及运行状况进行了计算分析并提出相应改进意见,但大部分优化措施较为笼统。本文采用实地测量和数值模拟相结合的方法分析改进了汽轮机房设备散热和通风效果,对人员活动密集的各层B排区域进行了重点研究,并引入新型可控弱气流通风方式,确定了最佳通风位置、角度、速率等参数,为其工程实际应用提供参考依据。本文对我国三片典型气候区域(夏热冬冷、严寒、寒冷)的三所电厂(句容、长春、石河子)汽轮机房进行了现场数据采集,通过自行编写的软件对设备散热量进行了计算,统计结果表明三所电厂汽轮机组的散热量均占汽轮机房内总散热量最大值,约60%左右；长春电厂热力管道散热量和石河子电厂凝汽器散热量相对较大；三所电厂运转层及以上的散热量占汽轮机房内总散热量的64.9%～78.0%,应相应增大运转层通风量；长春电厂夹层散热量比例较大,石河子电厂底层和夹层凝汽器周围出现热量堆积；各电厂设备辐射散热量占汽轮机房内总散热量的60.3%～71.2%,设备主要以热辐射形式向外界散热,应从控制辐射散热方面着手以减少设备散热量。对句容电厂汽轮机房进行模拟后发现底层和运转层B排附近存在高温流动死区,分别采用开启格栅、开启运转层窗户和增开辅助排风口三种改进措施,发现在底层和夹层高温区域上方开启格栅能较好解决底层高温问题；开启运转层窗户和辅助排风口对运转层降温效果较好,但开启窗户会产生短路气流使得底层温度略有升高；增开辅助排风口可以更好缓解运转层B排温度过高现象。夏季炎热时采用新型通风方式,底层通风速率取1.5m/s,通风角度取20°,运转层通风速率取2.5m/s可以同时满足设计和节能要求。对长春电厂汽轮机房进行模拟后发现夹层内温度过高、流通性不强,底层A排侧门附近存在局部低温区域,在底层和夹层高温区域上方开启通风格栅可以改善底层速度场,加强空气扰动,并使得夹层温度下降,温度梯度有所缓和；引入新型通风方式将夹层热空气抽吸到底层可以增大底层进风量,在底层凝汽器西侧形成涡旋,有效卷吸了附近空气从而更好地带走附近热量,大大降低夹层温度的同时提升底层冷风渗透处的空气温度,防止低温结露,综合考虑节能和改进效果,2m/s的通风速率最合适。对石河子电厂汽轮机房进行模拟后发现其仅在凝汽器周围出现高温区域,其余地方温度较为合理,该效果主要归功于格栅面积和位置恰当、热源分布合理,且采用机械排风方式,值得其它两所电厂借鉴。将凝汽器表面温度降低10℃后可以改善高温区域环境并减少辐射散热量,但对空气速度场改进效果有限；在高温区域上方开启格栅能够较好改善空气温度和速度,虽然降温幅度不及直接控制凝汽器温度,但对速度场影响较大。冬季运行时自然排风会出现局部低温区域,将风机反吹后可有效缓解。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the development of the thermal power unit is faced with the pressure from several levels, such as the state, the society and the industry, and jointly determines that the thermal power unit needs to adopt more energy-saving and emission-reducing measures to create a more comfortable operating environment. As an important area of building energy-saving and personnel's main work place, the steam turbine room is subject to some problems such as local high temperature, poor circulation, energy loss and so on. Therefore, the heat dissipation characteristics and ventilation laws of the internal equipment of the turbine room are of great importance. Many scholars have used a variety of methods to calculate and analyze the ventilation design and operating conditions of the turbine room, and put forward corresponding improvement suggestions, but most of the optimization measures are more general. In this paper, the method of field measurement and numerical simulation is used to analyze and improve the heat dissipation and ventilation effect of the steam turbine room equipment, and the area of each layer B with dense personnel activity is studied emphatically, and a new type of controllable weak airflow ventilation mode is introduced, and the optimal ventilation position and the angle are determined. The rate and other parameters provide a reference for the practical application of the project. In this paper, on-site data acquisition of three typical climate zones (cold, cold and cold in summer, cold and cold) in China is carried out, and the heat of the equipment is calculated by the self-written software. The statistical results show that the heat dissipation in the turbine unit of the three power plants account for about 60% of the total heat dissipation in the turbine room, and the heat dissipation of the thermal pipeline of the Changchun Power Plant and the heat dissipation of the condenser of the Shihezi power plant are relatively large; The heat dissipation in the operation layer and above of the three power plant accounts for 64.9% ~ 78.0% of the total heat dissipation in the steam turbine room, and the ventilation volume of the operating layer should be increased accordingly; the proportion of heat and heat of the interlayers of the Changchun power plant is larger, and the heat accumulation around the bottom layer of the Shihezi power plant and the condenser of the interlayer; The radiant heat of the equipment in each power plant accounts for 60.3% to 71.2% of the total heat dissipation in the steam turbine room, and the equipment is mainly radiated to the outside in the form of heat radiation. The heat radiation of the equipment shall be controlled to reduce the heat dissipation of the equipment. A high-temperature flow dead zone exists near the bottom layer and the B row of the operation layer after simulation of the steam turbine room of the syntax-capacity power plant, and the three improvement measures of opening the grid, opening the running layer window and the auxiliary air outlet are respectively adopted, it is found that the opening of the grid above the high-temperature area of the bottom layer and the interlayer can better solve the high-temperature problem of the bottom layer, and the opening of the running layer window and the auxiliary air outlet is better for the cooling effect of the operation layer, but the open window can generate a short-circuit air flow so that the temperature of the bottom layer is slightly increased; The auxiliary air outlet can be used to improve the discharge temperature of the operating layer B. In the hot summer of summer, a new type of ventilation is adopted, the ventilation rate of the bottom layer is 1.5 m/ s, the ventilation angle is 20 degrees, and the ventilation rate of the running layer is 2.5m/ s, and the design and energy saving requirements can be met at the same time. in that simulation, the steam turbine house of the Changchun power plant is simulate, the temperature of the interlayer is too high, the circulation property is not strong, a local low-temperature area exists near the side door of the bottom layer A, and a novel ventilation mode is introduced to draw the interlayer hot air to the bottom layer, the bottom layer air inlet volume can be increased, a vortex is formed on the west side of the bottom layer condenser, the nearby air is effectively sucked, and the nearby heat is better taken away, And the air temperature at the bottom layer cold air penetration is greatly reduced while the interlayer temperature is greatly reduced, the low-temperature condensation is prevented, the energy-saving and the improvement effect are comprehensively considered, and the ventilation rate of 2m/ s is most suitable. The simulation of the turbine room of Shihezi power plant shows that it only has high temperature area around the condenser, and the temperature of the rest is reasonable. The effect is mainly due to the proper grid area and position, reasonable heat source distribution, and the mechanical ventilation mode, which is worth the reference of the other two power plants. after the surface temperature of the condenser is reduced to 10 DEG C, the high-temperature environment can be improved, the heat of the radiation is reduced, the improvement effect on the air velocity field is limited, the air temperature and the speed can be better improved by opening the grid above the high-temperature area, But the effect on the speed field is large. The local low-temperature area will appear in the natural air exhaust during the winter operation, and the fan can be effectively relieved after the fan is back-blowing.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM621
本文编号：2452894
[Abstract]:In recent years, the development of the thermal power unit is faced with the pressure from several levels, such as the state, the society and the industry, and jointly determines that the thermal power unit needs to adopt more energy-saving and emission-reducing measures to create a more comfortable operating environment. As an important area of building energy-saving and personnel's main work place, the steam turbine room is subject to some problems such as local high temperature, poor circulation, energy loss and so on. Therefore, the heat dissipation characteristics and ventilation laws of the internal equipment of the turbine room are of great importance. Many scholars have used a variety of methods to calculate and analyze the ventilation design and operating conditions of the turbine room, and put forward corresponding improvement suggestions, but most of the optimization measures are more general. In this paper, the method of field measurement and numerical simulation is used to analyze and improve the heat dissipation and ventilation effect of the steam turbine room equipment, and the area of each layer B with dense personnel activity is studied emphatically, and a new type of controllable weak airflow ventilation mode is introduced, and the optimal ventilation position and the angle are determined. The rate and other parameters provide a reference for the practical application of the project. In this paper, on-site data acquisition of three typical climate zones (cold, cold and cold in summer, cold and cold) in China is carried out, and the heat of the equipment is calculated by the self-written software. The statistical results show that the heat dissipation in the turbine unit of the three power plants account for about 60% of the total heat dissipation in the turbine room, and the heat dissipation of the thermal pipeline of the Changchun Power Plant and the heat dissipation of the condenser of the Shihezi power plant are relatively large; The heat dissipation in the operation layer and above of the three power plant accounts for 64.9% ~ 78.0% of the total heat dissipation in the steam turbine room, and the ventilation volume of the operating layer should be increased accordingly; the proportion of heat and heat of the interlayers of the Changchun power plant is larger, and the heat accumulation around the bottom layer of the Shihezi power plant and the condenser of the interlayer; The radiant heat of the equipment in each power plant accounts for 60.3% to 71.2% of the total heat dissipation in the steam turbine room, and the equipment is mainly radiated to the outside in the form of heat radiation. The heat radiation of the equipment shall be controlled to reduce the heat dissipation of the equipment. A high-temperature flow dead zone exists near the bottom layer and the B row of the operation layer after simulation of the steam turbine room of the syntax-capacity power plant, and the three improvement measures of opening the grid, opening the running layer window and the auxiliary air outlet are respectively adopted, it is found that the opening of the grid above the high-temperature area of the bottom layer and the interlayer can better solve the high-temperature problem of the bottom layer, and the opening of the running layer window and the auxiliary air outlet is better for the cooling effect of the operation layer, but the open window can generate a short-circuit air flow so that the temperature of the bottom layer is slightly increased; The auxiliary air outlet can be used to improve the discharge temperature of the operating layer B. In the hot summer of summer, a new type of ventilation is adopted, the ventilation rate of the bottom layer is 1.5 m/ s, the ventilation angle is 20 degrees, and the ventilation rate of the running layer is 2.5m/ s, and the design and energy saving requirements can be met at the same time. in that simulation, the steam turbine house of the Changchun power plant is simulate, the temperature of the interlayer is too high, the circulation property is not strong, a local low-temperature area exists near the side door of the bottom layer A, and a novel ventilation mode is introduced to draw the interlayer hot air to the bottom layer, the bottom layer air inlet volume can be increased, a vortex is formed on the west side of the bottom layer condenser, the nearby air is effectively sucked, and the nearby heat is better taken away, And the air temperature at the bottom layer cold air penetration is greatly reduced while the interlayer temperature is greatly reduced, the low-temperature condensation is prevented, the energy-saving and the improvement effect are comprehensively considered, and the ventilation rate of 2m/ s is most suitable. The simulation of the turbine room of Shihezi power plant shows that it only has high temperature area around the condenser, and the temperature of the rest is reasonable. The effect is mainly due to the proper grid area and position, reasonable heat source distribution, and the mechanical ventilation mode, which is worth the reference of the other two power plants. after the surface temperature of the condenser is reduced to 10 DEG C, the high-temperature environment can be improved, the heat of the radiation is reduced, the improvement effect on the air velocity field is limited, the air temperature and the speed can be better improved by opening the grid above the high-temperature area, But the effect on the speed field is large. The local low-temperature area will appear in the natural air exhaust during the winter operation, and the fan can be effectively relieved after the fan is back-blowing.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM621
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