波浪能发电监控系统研究

发布时间：2019-05-05 06:44

【摘要】：当今世界正被能源问题严重困扰,减少温室气体的排放也已在全球范围内达成共识。目前,可再生清洁能源发展迅速,对于被海洋覆盖的地球来说,海洋能源也在其中占据着重要位置,它令人兴奋但技术发展尚未成熟,大多数发电装置仍处于试验探索阶段,如何有效降低世界对化石燃料与天然气的依赖、改变人们使用传统能源的生活习惯日益重要。除此之外,不仅仅局限于对波浪能的捕获,为达到更高的能源利用效率,世界范围内对于不稳定电能的后处理方案与实时监控技术都提出了更高的要求,本文通过捕获装置关键部件设计、监控系统软硬件设计和试验研究三方面对波浪能发电监控系统展开研究。本文积极响应我国“十三五”规划对可再生能源利用提出的新要求,以工程项目实际应用为出发点,以提高设备发电效率为目标,在对波浪能发电设备波浪吸收装置机械结构学习了解的前提下,对发电设备的第一级能量捕获装置进行了优化与创新设计,重点针对发电装置中的第三级发电系统与电能后处理系统进行研究与设计,并对数据传输与监测系统进行研究与搭建,以试验验证设计的合理性与可行性,本文的主要研究内容包括:1)指出当前能源危机形势,分析波浪能发电目前的主要技术难点,对波浪能捕获机构进行研究,并提出本文在发电装置的三个阶段的具体研究内容;2)提出系统专用新型双向发电叶轮与发电机结构设计方案,叶轮的设计思路来自于成熟的风力发电机设计理论和轴流泵叶轮设计理论,并测算出直径622mm的叶轮设计数据;根据发电机的设计原理,结合波浪能的特点,设计出500W的细长型、集中绕组、少槽多极的水下密封永磁发电机;3)设计出配套的完整的电能后处理系统,从整流、Boost单元、锂电池、DC/DC单元到逆变单元进行原理研究和设计,软硬件结合,对系统CPU进行编程设计;采用占空比扰动的PID控制策略获取叶轮最佳尖速比,发电系统发出的电能进行后处理以及其平稳高效率利用;在Matlab/Simulink环境下仿真,将海水流速作为动力源输入控制系统,最终获得较高的获能系数与在210V-220V左右稳定的电压,满足电能后处理的设计要求;4)监测系统通过GPRS无线通信获取发电设备电流、电压、功率等数据,采用双通道数据传输,通过CPU控制信息存储器及中断时间,并使用VB开发设计上位机软件,与远程设备实现数据传输的监测功能;5)搭建实验室试验系统,分别对叶轮、发电机以及电能控制系统进行搭建与实物试验,获得试验数据,数据分析结论得出发电系统与其控制效果满足海试要求;在设备海上试验中,记录相关实际试验数据,通过对试验过程中各项数据的分析研究,且实现电压也在合理的波动范围,试验结果也证明该控制系统正确,同时也制作出一套波浪能发电监控系统的实物,为进一步研究打好基础。
[Abstract]:The world is plagued by energy problems, and global consensus has been reached to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. At present, renewable clean energy is developing rapidly. For the ocean-covered earth, ocean energy also occupies an important position. It is exciting but the technology is not yet mature, and most of the power generation devices are still in the experimental and exploratory stage. It is more and more important to reduce the world's dependence on fossil fuels and natural gas and to change people's habits of using traditional energy. In addition, not only is it limited to wave energy capture, in order to achieve higher energy efficiency, the post-processing scheme and real-time monitoring technology for unstable energy in the world have put forward higher requirements. In this paper, the wave energy power generation monitoring system is studied in three aspects: the design of the key parts of the capture device, the design of the software and hardware of the monitoring system and the experimental research. This paper responds positively to the new requirements of renewable energy utilization put forward in the 13th five-year Plan of China, taking the practical application of engineering projects as the starting point and improving the efficiency of equipment generation as the goal. On the premise of studying and understanding the mechanical structure of wave absorbing device of wave energy generating equipment, the first stage energy capture device of power generation equipment is optimized and innovatively designed. This paper focuses on the research and design of the third stage power generation system and the electric energy post-processing system in the power generation device, and the research and construction of the data transmission and monitoring system, in order to verify the rationality and feasibility of the design. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the current energy crisis situation is pointed out, the main technical difficulties of wave energy generation are analyzed, and the wave energy capture mechanism is studied. The concrete research contents of this paper in the three stages of the generator are also put forward. 2) A new design scheme of impeller and generator structure for two-way power generation is put forward. The design idea of impeller is derived from mature wind turbine design theory and axial flow pump impeller design theory, and the impeller design data of diameter 622mm are calculated. According to the design principle of generator and the characteristic of wave energy, a 500W thin, concentrated winding and multi-pole underwater sealed permanent magnet generator is designed. 3) to design a complete electric energy post-processing system, from rectifier, Boost unit, lithium battery, DC/DC unit to inverter unit to carry on the principle research and the design, the software and hardware combination, carries on the programming design to the system CPU; The PID control strategy of duty cycle disturbance is used to obtain the optimum speed ratio of the impeller, the power emitted by the power generation system is post-processed and its stable and high efficiency utilization is carried out. In the Matlab/Simulink environment, the seawater flow rate is taken as the power source input control system. Finally, the higher energy coefficient and the stable voltage around the 210V-220V can be obtained, which can meet the design requirements of the post-treatment of electric energy. 4) the monitoring system acquires current, voltage and power data by GPRS wireless communication, adopts dual-channel data transmission, controls information memory and interrupt time through CPU, and uses VB to develop and design the upper computer software. To realize the monitoring function of data transmission with remote equipment; 5) build the laboratory test system, build and test the impeller, generator and electric energy control system respectively, and obtain the test data. The conclusion of data analysis shows that the power generation system and its control effect can meet the requirements of the sea test. In the equipment offshore test, the relevant actual test data are recorded, through the analysis and study of the data in the test process, and the voltage is also in a reasonable fluctuation range, the test results also prove that the control system is correct. At the same time, a kind of wave energy power generation monitoring system is made, which lays the foundation for further research.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM612;TP277

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