电动汽车开关磁阻电机驱动控制系统研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 02:18

本文关键词：电动汽车开关磁阻电机驱动控制系统研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电动汽车作为智能电网的重要组成环节,也代表着未来汽车行业的研究方向,其电机控制技术作为电动汽车的三大关键技术之一,越来越受到重视。电机的驱动控制效果直接影响电动汽车的行驶性能。开关磁阻电机因为具有低成本、高效率和高可靠性等优点,是一种极有潜力的电动汽车驱动系统。本文针对电动汽车用开关磁阻电机驱动控制系统,以提升电机调速性能和抑制转矩脉动作为主要控制目标,在控制策略和软硬件设计等方面作深入的研究和开发。由于结构特点,开关磁阻电机本身是一个高阶、强耦合、非线性的多变量复杂系统,且有较强的输出转矩脉动。开关磁阻电机调速系统的控制方法多为固定开通关断角的典型线性控制,将电机简化为线性系统来设计控制器。这种设计方法忽略了开关磁阻电机的非线性特性、参数的不确定性以及负载转矩的未知干扰,导致系统的鲁棒性和稳定性差。固定开通关断角的控制方式也难以达到电动汽车驱动系统的性能需求。本文针对开关磁阻电机的非线性磁链解析模型设计了自适应反步法非线性速度控制器,并提出了转矩优化控制策略改善电机的效率和转矩脉动问题。不同于线性简化模型,本文基于开关磁阻电机实验样机的有限元分析磁链数据,利用Levenberg-Marquardt算法辨识建立了样机的非线性磁链解析模型。以转速跟踪作为控制目标,考虑未知负载转矩的不确定干扰以及参数的不确定性,基于Lyapunov理论设计了自适应反步法速度控制器及参数自适应更新法则。并研究开通关断角度对相电流波形、系统效率和转矩脉动的影响,提出了一种基于角度自调节策略的转矩优化控制器。在Matlab软件中建立了开关磁阻电机整体驱动控制系统模型,就以上研究进行了仿真论证。仿真表明,本文所设计的非线性速度控制律具有很好的调速性能,且转速和转矩针对不确定干扰具有更强的鲁棒性和稳定性,转矩优化控制器能够显著提高电机效率并减小转矩波动。针对实验样机设计了开关磁阻电机驱动控制系统的各软硬件功能模块,选用DSP TMS320F2812作为数字控制器,搭建了驱动控制系统实验平台,通过相关实验进一步验证了提出的转矩优化控制器的可行性。
[Abstract]:As an important part of smart grid, electric vehicle also represents the research direction of the future automotive industry. Motor control technology, as one of the three key technologies of electric vehicle, is attracting more and more attention. The driving control effect of the motor directly affects the driving performance of the electric vehicle. Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a potential electric vehicle driving system because of its advantages of low cost, high efficiency and high reliability. In this paper, aiming at the drive control system of switched reluctance motor for electric vehicle, the speed control performance and torque ripple of the motor are taken as the main control objectives, and the control strategy and software and hardware design are deeply researched and developed. Because of its structural characteristics, switched reluctance motor is a multivariable complex system with high order, strong coupling and nonlinear, and has strong output torque ripple. The control methods of the switched reluctance motor speed control system are mostly the typical linear control of the fixed turn off angle, and the motor is simplified as a linear system to design the controller. This design method ignores the nonlinear characteristics of switched reluctance motor, the uncertainty of parameters and the unknown disturbance of load torque, which results in poor robustness and stability of the system. The control mode of the fixed turn off angle is also difficult to meet the performance requirements of the electric vehicle drive system. In this paper, an adaptive backstepping nonlinear speed controller is designed for the switched reluctance motor's nonlinear flux analytical model, and a torque optimization control strategy is proposed to improve the efficiency and torque ripple of the motor. Unlike linear simplified models, based on the flux linkage data of switched reluctance motor prototype, a nonlinear flux linkage analytical model of the prototype is established by using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Taking speed tracking as control objective, considering uncertain disturbances and uncertain parameters of unknown load torque, an adaptive backstepping speed controller and adaptive updating algorithm of parameters are designed based on Lyapunov theory. The influence of turn off angle on phase current waveform, system efficiency and torque ripple is studied. A torque optimization controller based on angle self adjustment strategy is proposed. The whole drive control system model of switched reluctance motor is set up in Matlab software, and the simulation is carried out on the above research. Simulation results show that the nonlinear speed control law designed in this paper has good speed regulation performance, and speed and torque are more robust and stable for uncertain disturbances. Torque optimization controller can significantly improve motor efficiency and reduce torque ripple. According to the experimental prototype design of the software and hardware function module of switch reluctance motor drive control system, using DSP TMS320F2812 as the digital controller, built a drive control system experimental platform, through the relevant experiments to further verify the feasibility of the proposed optimization of torque controller.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM352;U469.72

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