基于高频注入法IPMSM无速传感器矢量控制研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 06:21

本文关键词：基于高频注入法IPMSM无速传感器矢量控制研究　出处：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在永磁同步电动机交流调速控制系统中，为了实现位置和速度闭环控制从而达到高性能控制效果，通常需要在电动机转动轴上安装用来测量转子位置和速度信息机械式的光电编码器或旋转变压器。但它们都要受到自身体积、质量以及成本等因素的影响，特别是在有些环境中，机械式传感器受周边环境因素影响较大，容易造成系统不稳定问题的出现。为了解决这些问题，近年来永磁同步电动机无速度传感器矢量控制技术成为交流调速领域中的一大热点。在众多无速度传感器技术中大部分都是基于反电动势的位置估计方法,而这些方法只有中高速条件下才能有效工作，而在中低速环境中由于反电动势比较小，无法正确提取。低速情况下一般用高频注入法。本文采用基于高频电压注入法的无速度传感器矢量控制技术来检测转子的位置信息。主要完成的工作有：一、建立了IPMSM数学模型，以及在各个坐标轴的转换关系，通过三相与两相，两相与两相之间的数学转换解决了电机非线性、强耦合性等难题，最后介绍了IPMSM矢量控制基本理论和几种矢量控制策略，为后面的无位置传感器矢量控制技术奠定了理论基础。二、具体地分析了旋转式高频电压信号注入法和脉振式高频电压注入法应用在永磁同步电动机无速度传感器矢量控制系统的基本原理，，并且针对滤波器模块进行了简化，最后进行了仿真研究。通过仿真表明,脉振式高频电压注入法比旋转式调试更困难，对参数变化更敏感，但脉振式注入法动态效应更好。两种方法都有比较好的位置跟踪精度，适用低速空负载运行。三、详细讨论分析了高频电压注入无速度传感器矢量控制系统的影响因素。逆变器死区效应使逆变器每周期多输出了六个幅值相等的额外干扰电压，使响应电流信号波形发生了畸变，影响了转子位置估计精确性。定子电阻和系统延时使正负序电流分量发生了偏移，多出了一个直流分量。凸极率的大小直接影响电机转子位置估计误差的大小，甚至有可能使位置估计失败。最后对几种影响因素分别进行了仿真研究分析。四、最后对控制系统进行了整体硬件和软件设计，并通过实验验证了基于旋转式高频电压注入法的永磁同步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统的可靠性和稳定性。
[Abstract]:In the permanent magnet synchronous motor AC speed regulation control system, in order to achieve the position and speed closed-loop control to achieve high performance control effect. It is usually necessary to install a mechanical encoder or a rotary transformer to measure the rotor position and speed on the motor shaft. However, they are affected by their own volume, quality and cost. Especially in some environments, mechanical sensors are greatly affected by the surrounding environmental factors, which can easily lead to the emergence of system instability. In order to solve these problems. In recent years, the speed sensorless vector control technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has become a hot topic in the field of AC speed regulation. But these methods can only work effectively under the condition of medium and high speed, but in the medium and low speed environment, the back electromotive force is relatively small. At low speed, the high frequency injection method is generally used. The speed sensorless vector control technique based on the high frequency voltage injection method is used to detect the rotor position information. The main work is as follows: First, the mathematical model of IPMSM is established, and the transformation relation in each coordinate axis is established. Through the mathematical transformation between three phases and two phases, two phases and two phases, the nonlinear and strong coupling problems of the motor are solved. Finally, the basic theory of IPMSM vector control and several vector control strategies are introduced, which lays a theoretical foundation for the position sensorless vector control technology. Secondly, the basic principle of rotating high-frequency voltage signal injection method and pulse high-frequency voltage injection method in speed sensorless vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor is analyzed in detail. The simulation results show that high frequency voltage injection is more difficult than rotary debugging and more sensitive to parameter change. But the pulse injection method has better dynamic effect. Both methods have better position tracking accuracy and are suitable for low speed empty load operation. Thirdly, the influence factors of high frequency voltage injection speed sensorless vector control system are discussed and analyzed in detail. The dead-time effect of inverter makes the inverter output six additional interference voltages with equal amplitudes per cycle. The waveform of response current signal is distorted, which affects the accuracy of rotor position estimation. Stator resistance and system delay make the positive and negative sequence current components offset. A DC component is added. The magnitude of the salient pole ratio directly affects the rotor position estimation error of the motor and may even cause the position estimation to fail. Finally, several factors affecting the rotor position estimation are simulated and analyzed. Finally, the hardware and software of the control system are designed. The reliability and stability of the speed sensorless vector control system of PMSM based on rotating high frequency voltage injection method are verified by experiments.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM341

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