铜锌锡硫（CZTS）纳米材料及薄膜的溶液法制备及其光伏性质探索

发布时间：2018-01-10 02:00

本文关键词：铜锌锡硫（CZTS）纳米材料及薄膜的溶液法制备及其光伏性质探索　出处：《南京邮电大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：锌黄锡矿结构的铜锌锡硫（CZTS）材料与目前在薄膜太阳能电池领域表现出色的黄铜矿结构的铜铟镓硒（CIGS）材料具有相似的晶体结构和光电性能。铜锌锡硫材料的光学带隙为1.5eV，更接近太阳能电池的最佳光学带隙。铜锌锡硫太阳能电池的组成元素在地球中含量丰富，且硫比硒的毒性要小很多。因此铜锌锡硫非常适合替代含稀有元素铟及高毒性硒的铜铟镓硒来发展高效、廉价的太阳能电池。本论文针对目前铜锌锡硫太阳能电池的制备现状，旨在开发出一种低成本、环保无毒且易于规模化的制备方法。论文主要研究内容分为两个方面。第一，我们首先从合成适合用于溶液法制备铜锌锡硫薄膜的材料入手，分别用溶剂热法和热注入法制备了一系列铜锌锡硫微米和纳米粒子。研究发现用本论文中溶剂热方法制备得到的铜锌锡硫粒子一般为微米量级，且其形貌不易控制，，不太适合用来制备高质量的铜锌锡硫薄膜；而使用热注入方法制备所得铜锌锡硫粒子一般为纳米量级且单分散性良好。其次，在热注入方法中，我们使用一种新型无毒溶剂聚乙二醇（PEG）代替文献中大量使用的有毒溶剂油胺制备得到了铜锌锡硫纳米粒子，并对不同溶剂的产物进行了对比研究。第二，我们将使用无毒溶剂聚乙二醇所合成的纳米粒子配制成铜锌锡硫纳米粒子“油墨”，并分别使用旋涂法和电喷雾法制备了铜锌锡硫薄膜，实验发现，本论文中电喷雾法制备的铜锌锡硫薄膜具有更好的均一性且薄膜厚度容易控制。为了进一步验证该材料的光电特性，我们对使用电喷雾制备的铜锌锡硫薄膜进行了光导测试并设计和制备了简单的混合异质结器件，实验发现，在光照条件下该材料会产生大量的光生载流子且该材料在异质结光伏器件中展示了良好的光伏特性。
[Abstract]:Copper, Zinc, Tin Sulphur (CZTS) and Copper, Indium, Gallium, selenium (CIGS), with excellent performance in thin Film Solar cells. The material has similar crystal structure and optoelectronic properties. The optical band gap of copper, zinc, tin and sulfur is 1.5 EV. Closer to the best optical gap for solar cells. Copper, zinc, tin and sulfur solar cells are rich in elements in the Earth. Therefore, copper, zinc, tin and sulfur are suitable to replace copper, indium, gallium and selenium containing rare elements and highly toxic selenium to develop efficient and cheap solar cells. This paper aims at developing a low cost, non-toxic and easy to scale preparation method for copper, zinc, tin and sulfur solar cells. The main contents of this paper are divided into two aspects. Firstly, we begin with the synthesis of copper, zinc, tin and sulfur films which are suitable for the preparation of copper, zinc, tin and sulfur films by solution method. A series of copper zinc tin sulfur micron and nanometer particles were prepared by solvothermal method and thermal injection method respectively. It is found that the copper zinc tin sulfur particles prepared by solvothermal method in this paper are generally of the order of micron. And its morphology is not easy to control, so it is not suitable for the preparation of high quality copper, zinc, tin and sulfur films. However, the copper, zinc, tin and sulfur particles prepared by thermal injection method are generally nanoscale and monodisperse. Secondly, in the thermal injection method. Copper, zinc, tin and sulfur nanoparticles were prepared by using a new nontoxic solvent, polyethylene glycol (PEG), instead of the toxic solvent oleamine, which is widely used in the literature. The products of different solvents were compared and studied. Secondly, we prepared copper, zinc, tin and sulfur nanoparticles "ink" using non-toxic solvent polyethylene glycol, and prepared copper, zinc, tin and sulfur films by spin coating method and electrospray method respectively. In this thesis, the copper, zinc, tin and sulfur films prepared by electrospray method have better uniformity and the thickness of the films is easy to control. We have tested the photoconductivity of copper, zinc, tin and sulfur films prepared by electrospray and designed and fabricated a simple hybrid heterojunction device. A large number of photogenerated carriers can be generated under light conditions and the material exhibits good photovoltaic properties in heterojunction photovoltaic devices.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4;TB383.1

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