电动汽车充放电对电网的影响及其优化策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 11:29

本文关键词：电动汽车充放电对电网的影响及其优化策略研究　出处：《天津大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着能源和环境问题日益严重，电动汽车因其在节能减排方面的巨大优势逐渐受到人们关注。为降低大规模电动汽车无序充电对配电网的不利影响，需先行研究电动汽车充放电对配电网的影响及其优化策略。本文通过利用电动汽车有序充放电，对优化含电动汽车的电网负荷曲线、改善含电动汽车的配电网电压偏差、平滑含光伏的电动汽车充换电站功率波动和提高可再生能源消纳能力等方面内容展开研究。主要工作如下：（1）为研究考虑负荷峰值时的电动汽车有序充放电优化，提出了有序模式和无序模式的电动汽车充放电概率模型及功率期望计算模型，建立了以负荷峰值最小为目标的优化模型。分析了峰谷电价时段、用户响应度对含电动汽车的电网负荷曲线的影响，并与无序充电时的场景进行了比较。在不同用户响应度下，，研究了电动汽车有序充放电对含电动汽车的电网负荷曲线的影响；讨论了在相同用户响应度下，电动汽车有序充放电对不同类型负荷曲线的优化效果。分析了用户响应度与电网负荷峰值的对应关系。（2）为研究电动汽车有序充放电的经济效益，建立了以全社会收益和用户收益最大为目标的多目标优化模型，得到全社会收益和用户收益最优解集。讨论了三种典型场景中，电动汽车有序充放电的经济收益及其对电网负荷曲线的影响。分析了全社会收益和用户收益的关键参数灵敏度问题，提出在不明显减少全社会收益前提下，提高用户参与有序充放电积极性的建议。（3）针对电动汽车无序充电将增大配电网电压偏差、降低配电网电能质量的问题，提出了含电动汽车的配电网电压偏差优化模型。分析了电动汽车有序充放电的配电网电压偏差改善效果及经济效益，讨论了典型场景下的配电网电压偏差及网损特性，提出了配电网各节点电动汽车数量配置的参考建议。（4）为有效利用电动汽车有序充电和电池组充放电的调节能力，平滑含光伏的电动汽车充换电站功率波动和提高可再生能源消纳能力，提出了电动汽车充电分时控制模型和电池组充放电控制方法。构建了充换电站的物理结构和控制结构，讨论了站内各功率的频域特性，研究了电动汽车分时充电、电池组充放电的功率波动平滑效果，分析了电动汽车充电分时控制和电池组充放电控制的优缺点。讨论了进一步降低联络线功率波动的可行措施，提出了光伏容量、电动汽车充电功率、电池组容量的优化配置建议。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems, electric vehicles have attracted more and more attention because of their great advantages in energy saving and emission reduction. In order to reduce the unordered charging of large-scale electric vehicles, the distribution network is adversely affected. It is necessary to study the effect of charge and discharge of electric vehicle on distribution network and its optimization strategy. This paper optimizes the load curve of electric vehicle by using the ordered charge and discharge of electric vehicle. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) improving the voltage deviation of distribution network with electric vehicles, smoothing the power fluctuation of charging and changing power stations of electric vehicles with photovoltaics, and improving the absorption capacity of renewable energy. The main work is as follows: 1) in order to study the ordered charge and discharge optimization of electric vehicle considering peak load, the charging and discharging probability model and power expectation calculation model of electric vehicle in ordered mode and disordered mode are proposed. An optimization model with the aim of minimum peak load is established. The influence of peak and valley price period and user response on load curve of electric vehicle is analyzed. Under different user response, the effect of ordered charge and discharge on the load curve of electric vehicle is studied. In this paper, the optimal effect of ordered charge and discharge of electric vehicle on different types of load curves under the same user response is discussed, and the corresponding relationship between user response and peak load of power network is analyzed. In order to study the economic benefits of ordered charging and discharging of electric vehicles, a multi-objective optimization model aiming at the maximum social income and user income is established. The optimal solution set of social income and user income is obtained. Three typical scenarios are discussed. This paper analyzes the sensitivity of the key parameters of the whole social income and the user's income, and puts forward the premise that the whole social income is not obviously reduced under the premise that the electric vehicle charges and discharges in an orderly way and its influence on the load curve of the power network. Suggestions to improve the enthusiasm of users to participate in orderly charging and discharging. The disordered charging of electric vehicle will increase the voltage deviation of distribution network and reduce the power quality of distribution network. The optimization model of voltage deviation in distribution network with electric vehicle is put forward, and the effect of improving voltage deviation of distribution network and economic benefit of orderly charging and discharging of electric vehicle are analyzed. The voltage deviation and network loss characteristics of distribution network in typical scenarios are discussed, and the reference suggestions for the number configuration of electric vehicles at each node of distribution network are proposed. In order to effectively utilize the regulation ability of electric vehicle charge and battery pack charge and discharge, the power fluctuation of electric vehicle recharge and replacement power station with photovoltaic is smoothed and the renewable energy absorption ability is improved. This paper presents a charging time-sharing control model for electric vehicles and a charging and discharging control method for batteries. The physical structure and control structure of the charging and changing power station are constructed, and the frequency domain characteristics of each power in the station are discussed. In this paper, the smoothness of power fluctuation of battery pack is studied by time-sharing charge and discharge of electric vehicle. The advantages and disadvantages of charge time sharing control and battery pack charge / discharge control for electric vehicle are analyzed. The feasible measures to further reduce the fluctuation of tie-line power are discussed, and the photovoltaic capacity and charging power of electric vehicle are put forward. Recommended for optimal configuration of battery pack capacity.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM711

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