聚合物太阳电池性能优化：活性层、电子传输层及其表面修饰

发布时间：2018-01-11 13:16

本文关键词：聚合物太阳电池性能优化：活性层、电子传输层及其表面修饰　出处：《南开大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着石化能源的日益耗尽以及给环境带来的污染,能源危机已经成为了人类面临的最大问题。太阳能电池以半导体材料为媒介,能够实现光能与电能的直接转换,成为了近年来众多领域的研究热点。其中,有机聚合物太阳电池(Polymer solar cells, PSCs)以其独特的优势,如材料来源广泛,可通过分子设计化学合成我们所需要的具有特定性能的材料；质量轻,可与柔性衬底相兼容；电池制备工艺简单,无需复杂真空设备,通过旋转涂膜,喷墨打印以及丝网印刷等方法进行大面积廉价生产,具有巨大的市场竞争力以及商业化开发潜力。但是,PSCs的能量转换效率(Power conversion efficiency, PCE)与无机半导体电池还有较大差距,因此,当前对于PSCs的研究仍围绕着提高PCE开展。本论文针对目前PSCs存在的问题,围绕着提高其PCE开展研究工作,通过以下四个方面对PSCs进行优化,主要研究内容及成果如下： 1.提出后附加退火方法,对室温空气条件下制备的P3HT:PCBM电池进行处理。研究发现,后附加退火方法能够提高P3HT的结晶度,同时有效控制PCBM的生长和扩散,使P3HT与PCBM之间形成良好的互穿网络,从而有利于电荷的传输与抽取,使活性层吸收峰增强并发生红移,短路电流得到提高,电池效率得到有效提升。 2.采用溶胶凝胶方法制备ZnO薄膜,通过调节退火速率从而获得具有不同表面形貌和光学特性的ZnO薄膜,并将这些ZnO薄膜作为电子传输层制备了倒结构聚合物太阳电池(Inverted polymer solar cells, IPSCs)。结果表明,与快速退火速率相比,慢退火速率(3℃/min)制备得到的ZnO薄膜表面均匀且连续性好,在倒结构电池中与活性层之间接触紧密,同时还具备一定的散光能力可有效增加光吸收,从而提高电池效率。 3.制备绒面铝掺杂ZnO (AZO)薄膜,并以其作为电子传输层制备具有陷光效应的倒结构聚合物太阳电池。从理论和实验两方面对绒面AZO薄膜的陷光机理进行了研究。结果表明绒面AZO薄膜可促进活性层在近紫外-蓝光波长范围内的光吸收,提升电池短路电流。与平面AZO薄膜电池相比,绒面AZO电池性能提高17.6%。 4.引入水溶性聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为AZO电子传输层的表面修饰层,增强了AZO在300-750nm波长范围内的光学透过率,降低AZO功函数。实验证明PVP修饰层能够显著提高AZO与活性层之间接触质量,减少载流子符合,大幅提高电池填充因子,通过进一步优化空穴传输层W03,,倒结构P3HT:PCBM电池效率达到4.6%。
[Abstract]:With the increasing depletion of fossil energy and environmental pollution caused by energy crisis has become one of the biggest problems facing mankind. The solar cell in the semiconductor material as the medium, can realize the direct conversion of light energy and electric energy, has become a hot research in recent years in many areas. Among them, organic polymer solar cells (Polymer solar cells. PSCs) with its unique advantages, such as wide material source, through the molecular design of chemical synthesis we need with specific properties of materials; the quality of light, can be compatible with a flexible substrate; the battery preparation process is simple, no complicated vacuum equipment, through spin coating, ink jet printing and screen printing methods the area of cheap production, has great market competitiveness and commercial development potential. However, the energy conversion efficiency of PSCs (Power conversion efficiency, PCE) and semi inorganic There is still a big gap in the conductor battery, so the current research on PSCs is still around the improvement of PCE.
Aiming at the problems of PSCs at present, this paper focuses on improving the research work of PCE, and optimizes PSCs through the following four aspects. The main research contents and achievements are as follows:
1. proposed additional annealing methods on room temperature air condition system of P3HT:PCBM battery were processed. The study found that after the additional annealing method can improve the crystallinity of P3HT, and effectively control the growth and spread of PCBM, so that the formation of good interpenetrating network between P3HT and PCBM, which is beneficial to the transmission and taking charge. The active layer absorption is enhanced and the red shift, the short-circuit current increases, the battery efficiency can be effectively improved.
2. by sol-gel method to prepare ZnO films by adjusting the annealing rate to obtain ZnO films with different surface morphology and optical properties, and these ZnO films as the electron transport layer prepared by inverted structure of polymer solar cells (Inverted polymer solar cells, IPSCs). The results show that, compared with the fast annealing rate, slow back rate of fire (3 degrees /min) the surface of ZnO films prepared by uniform and good continuity, but in the structure of battery with the active layer in close contact, but also have certain ability of astigmatism can effectively increase the light absorption, so as to improve the efficiency of the battery.
3. preparation of textured Al doped ZnO (AZO) thin film, and used as electron transport layer prepared with inverted polymer solar cell structure light trapping effect was studied. The light trapping mechanism of textured AZO thin films from two aspects of theory and experiment. The results showed that the textured AZO films can promote the active layer in near ultraviolet blue light in the wavelength range of light absorption, enhance the short-circuit current. Compared with the planar AZO thin film battery, AZO battery to improve the performance of 17.6%. pile
4. introduction of water soluble polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as electron transport layer AZO surface modification layer, enhanced AZO in the wavelength range of 300-750nm optical transmission, reduce the work function of AZO. The experiment proved that PVP modified layer can significantly improve the AZO and active layer between the contact quality, reduce the carrier with a substantial increase in battery the fill factor, by further optimization of hole transport layer W03, inverted structure of P3HT:PCBM cells reached 4.6%. efficiency

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4

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