基于碳纳米管—石墨烯—泡沫镍三维复合结构的超级电容器电极制备与性能

发布时间：2018-01-13 22:34

本文关键词：基于碳纳米管—石墨烯—泡沫镍三维复合结构的超级电容器电极制备与性能　出处：《南京邮电大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：超级电容器作为一种新能源技术，，在电子产品和车载电源等领域具有广泛的应用潜力，受到人们的日益重视。而电极材料是超级电容器的核心，对于超级电容器的未来发展至关重要。碳材料由于其具备比表面积大、导电性好以及低成本等特点而成为超级电容器理想的电极材料。近年来，随着富勒烯、碳纳米管和石墨烯的陆续发现，使碳纳米材料成为当今的热门研究领域。其中，碳纳米管-石墨烯杂化结构，拥有优良的面外电荷输运性能，并保持了原有构建单元的单体特征，有效地解决了一维碳纳米管和二维石墨烯的热与电子传输的方向依赖性和较低的面外传导性，呈现出优异的协同效应是一种具有极大发展潜力的新型能源材料。我们课题提出通过两步CVD法制备出碳纳米管-石墨烯-泡沫镍（CNT-graphene-Ni）三维结构，对其表面的化学性质、功能化、电化学性能和潜在应用进行了初步的探索。在本论文中，我们以CNT-graphene-Ni为电极平台，通过温和化学沉积方法和电化学沉积方法，在碳纳米管-石墨烯杂化材料上（主要为碳纳米管上）负载MnO2和PANI等法拉第电容材料，构建金属氧化物或导电聚合物、碳纳米管和石墨烯的多级结构，对MnO2和PANI等活性物质的负载量及纳米结构进行优化，取得了较好的进展，具体成果如下： 1.以泡沫镍（Ni foam）作为基底，无水乙醇作为前驱体，通过两步化学气相沉积过程制备CNT-graphene-Ni三维复合材料，再通过温和化学沉积法，在CNTs的表面负载一层MnO2，制备出MnO2-CNT-graphene-Ni三维复合材料。该电极材料拥有碳材料良好的导电性和金属氧化物较大的比电容等优点，采用了两电极测试体系对复合材料的电容性能进行测试，其比电容值达251F/g。同时，将此复合材料制成柔性电容器，充电后能够点亮LED灯，经过电化学测试发现也具有很好的电容性能。 2.除了将金属氧化物与碳材料复合提高电容外，还可以利用导电聚合物具备高比电容值这一特点，将其与碳纳米材料复合。在CNT-graphene-Ni电极平台上，我们采用电化学沉积的方法制备出PANI-CNT-graphene-Ni电极材料，并研究不同电沉积时间对材料形貌和性能的影响。三电极测试体系测试结果表明该复合材料作为电极材料具备良好的超级电容器性能，在电流密度为2.0A/g下的比电容值最大可达219F/g。
[Abstract]:As a new energy technology, supercapacitor has wide application potential in electronic products and on-board power supply and has been paid more and more attention. Electrode material is the core of supercapacitor. Carbon is an ideal electrode material for supercapacitors due to its large specific surface area, good conductivity and low cost. In recent years, with fullerene. The discovery of carbon nanotubes and graphene has made carbon nanomaterials a hot research field. Among them, carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid structure has excellent out-of-plane charge transport properties. It also maintains the monomer characteristics of the original building units and effectively solves the directional dependence of heat and electron transport and the low out-of-plane conductivity of one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional graphene. The excellent synergistic effect is a new energy material with great potential. We propose to prepare carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-graphene-nickel foams by two-step CVD method. CNT-graphene-Ni3D structure. The surface chemical properties, functionalization, electrochemical properties and potential applications were preliminarily explored. In this paper, we use CNT-graphene-Ni as the electrode platform. By means of mild chemical deposition and electrochemical deposition, Faraday capacitors such as MnO2 and PANI were loaded on carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid materials (mainly carbon nanotubes). The multilevel structure of metal oxide or conductive polymer carbon nanotubes and graphene was constructed and the loading amount and nanostructure of active substances such as MnO2 and PANI were optimized and good progress was made. The results are as follows: 1. Three-dimensional CNT-graphene-Ni composites were prepared by two-step chemical vapor deposition with nickel foamed nickel foams as substrate and anhydrous ethanol as precursor. Then a layer of MnO2 was loaded on the surface of CNTs by mild chemical deposition. MnO2-CNT-graphene-Ni three-dimensional composites were prepared. The electrode material has the advantages of good electrical conductivity of carbon materials and large specific capacitance of metal oxides. The capacitance performance of the composite was tested with a two-electrode test system. The specific capacitance of the composite was up to 251F / g. At the same time, the composite was made into a flexible capacitor, which could light up the LED lamp after charging. The electrochemical test also shows that it has good capacitance performance. 2. In addition to the composite of metal oxides and carbon materials to improve the capacitance, we can also take advantage of the conductive polymer has the characteristics of high specific capacitance value. Composite it with carbon nano-materials on CNT-graphene-Ni electrode platform. PANI-CNT-graphene-Ni electrode materials were prepared by electrochemical deposition. The effects of different electrodeposition time on the morphology and properties of the composite were studied. The results of three-electrode test system showed that the composite had good supercapacitor performance as electrode material. When the current density is 2.0 A / g, the maximum specific capacitance is 219F / g.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM53

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