海洋漂浮式光伏发电装置性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 12:07

本文关键词：海洋漂浮式光伏发电装置性能研究　出处：《宁波大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着煤和石油等化石能源的大量使用,环境和资源问题日趋凸显,对清洁能源的开发利用逐渐受到人们的重视。太阳能无污染,储量巨大,分布广泛,太阳能光伏发电是一种较为成熟的清洁能源技术,在独立及并网电力系统中广泛应用。海洋中蕴含着丰富的光伏能,海洋环境下太阳光照强度大,在海洋表面进行光伏能的利用能够节省土地使用面积。本文提出了一种海洋漂浮式光伏发电装置,研究其在海浪影响下的光伏发电性能。浮体装置在海浪作用下运动,必须考虑接收面上太阳辐射能的变化规律,故首先对海浪影响下浮体的水动力性能和运动特性进行了研究。选取几种不同形状和质量的浮体,对其进行水动力分析,利用AQWA软件求取不同浮体的附加质量和辐射阻尼随波频的变化规律。由于海水的粘滞效应,将浮体运动轨迹近似为水质点运动轨迹的方法研究轻质、小尺度浮体的运动规律。利用AQWA软件对浮体进行时域运动仿真,得到的结果显示在规则波浪的作用下,浮体做周期性的沉深、水平和角度摆动等运动,其运动特性与浮体本身形状和质量等特性有关。将静态的太阳辐射能计算模型与动态的浮体角度摆动相结合,计算海浪影响下浮体表面所接收到的太阳辐射能,将其与相同条件下,以直射角度固定安装的倾斜面上所接收的太阳辐射能相比较。以一圆柱浮体为例,结果表明该浮体在海浪影响下表面接收的辐射能能够达到直射情况下的87.5%,同时所接收的辐射能随其摆动最大幅度的增大而减小。最后针对浮体运动特性和海浪环境设计了复合抛物面聚光器,并对其进行了辐照度分析。结果表明,在上述浮体的角度摆动幅度下,复合抛物面聚光器能将大部分光线会聚至底部接收面,且由于浮体运动的影响,能够一定程度解决光伏电池表面局部温度较高及光伏电池利用效率低等问题。该浮体装置可以单独进行光伏发电,也可以作为浮子式海浪发电装置的能量吸收装置,从而将海浪发电和光伏发电通过同一装置结合起来实现复合发电。
[Abstract]:With the extensive use of fossil energy such as coal and petroleum, environmental and resource problems have become increasingly prominent, and the development and utilization of clean energy has been gradually paid attention to. Solar energy has no pollution, huge reserves and wide distribution. Solar photovoltaic power generation is a relatively mature clean energy technology, widely used in independent and grid-connected power systems. The use of photovoltaic energy on the ocean surface can save land use area. In this paper, a floating photovoltaic power generation device is proposed. To study the photovoltaic power generation performance under the influence of the waves, the floating device must take into account the variation of solar radiation energy on the receiving surface when it moves under the influence of the waves. Therefore, the hydrodynamic performance and motion characteristics of the floating body affected by the waves are studied at first, and several kinds of floating bodies with different shapes and masses are selected for hydrodynamic analysis. The variation law of the additional mass and radiation damping with the wave frequency of different floating bodies is obtained by AQWA software. Because of the viscosity effect of seawater, the floating body motion trajectory is approximate to the water quality point motion track method to study the light weight. AQWA software is used to simulate the motion of small scale floating body in time domain. The results show that under the action of regular wave, the floating body moves periodically, such as depth, horizontal and angle swinging. The motion characteristics are related to the shape and mass of the floating body. The static solar radiation energy calculation model is combined with the dynamic floating body angle swing to calculate the solar radiation energy which the wave affects the surface of the floating body. It is compared with the solar radiation energy received on the inclined plane fixed at a straight angle under the same conditions. A cylindrical floating body is taken as an example. The results show that the surface radiation energy of the floating body under the influence of the waves can reach 87.5% in the case of direct fire. At the same time, the received radiation energy decreases with the increase of the maximum swing amplitude. Finally, a composite parabolic concentrator is designed for the motion characteristics of floating body and the ocean wave environment, and the irradiance is analyzed. Under the angle swing amplitude of the floating body, the composite paraboloid concentrator can gather most of the light to the bottom receiving surface, and because of the motion of the floating body. It can solve the problems of high surface temperature and low utilization efficiency of photovoltaic cells to some extent. The floating device can be used to generate photovoltaic power alone. It can also be used as the energy absorption device of the floating wave power generating device, which combines the wave power generation and photovoltaic power generation through the same device to realize the composite power generation.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM615

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