一种面向负荷建模的现场数据采集记录装置的研制

发布时间：2018-01-17 01:30

本文关键词：一种面向负荷建模的现场数据采集记录装置的研制　出处：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于目前缺乏可以准确模拟电力系统实际负荷特性的有效负荷模型,使得当下电力系统数字仿真所使用的负荷模型的精度仍然较为粗糙,以至于在全国电网互联背景下的电力系统数字仿真的研究结果的准确性难以得到保障。因此,现如今负荷模型精度的不足已经严重的制约了我国电力工业的进一步发展。然而,由于总体测辨法是目前最为有效负荷建模方法,研制面向这种建模方法的现场数据采集记录装置使其可以为负荷建模提供充足的高精度输入样本数据,以此来推动负荷建模技术逐步趋于完善,对于保障未来我国电力事业持续、健康发展有着重要的实际意义。因此,本文针对总体测辨法的实际应用需求,致力于研制一套可用于常规变电站现场的数据采集记录装置,以达到为负荷建模前期准备工作,即海量高精度现场实测样本数据的获取工作提供高可靠性系统级解决方案的研究目的。其中主要研究内容有如下几点:1)针对常规式变电站二次系统的组成结构以及接口特性,在分析了目前负荷建模常用电力系统现场数据采集装置的系统设计方法以及性能需求的基础上,本文提出了一种可用于常规变电站母线电气量数据采集的新型现场数据采集记录装置的设计实现方法,并详细阐述了该方法下装置内部具体核心功能模块的工作原理和数据流处理流程。最后通过探讨上述方法中各项关键技术的实现方法,论证了以上方法在本文装置研制方案中实施可行性。2)通过技术指标评估,本课题确立了装置实测样本数据在其幅值误差5%,相移误差5°,总谐波失真1%的前提下,以差分方程来表述负荷模型使用相应的优化算法开展负荷建模,其建模所得模型的负荷特性吻合度误差可以控制在10%以内。因此,针对这一系列技术指标的要求,结合电力系统现场数据采集记录装置的基本功能需求,本文设计并实现了一整套包含前端信号调理电路、模拟抗混叠滤波器、数据采集卡、光电转换电路、GPS信号接收机、时钟同步主控单元、电平转换电路及装置配套电源等八大硬件主要组成部分在内的可适用于常规变电站的现场数据采集记录硬件电路平台,为后文装置配套软件的设计开发提供了有力的技术支撑。3)针对变电站现场时钟同步方法,结合已实现的装置硬件平台的具体特性,本文进一步的研究了IRIG-B码、GPS等电力系统常用的时钟同步方式的软件解码、同步方式自适应切换策略、时标上传及数据采样控制等装置底层软件设计中关键技术细节的软件实现方法。并最终利用Verilog硬件描述语言将上述技术方法逐一实现并整合,在具体整合过程中,不仅优化了寄存器配置还对相关的具体功能逻辑进行了时序约束,提升了装置配套底层软件的时钟同步可靠性和数据采样控制过程的软件工作效率。4)针对负荷建模对于电网系统掉电压故障这一扰动数据类型具有较高参数灵敏度的技术特点,本文进一步研究了基于越界保护判据法的装置配套上层软件相关的编程设计方法。其中具体涉及到PCI总线驱动接口调用、数据采集事件触发量监控与管理、基于数据库操作的数据缓冲池的实现、RS-232串口软件系统校时、基于越界保护法的数据有效性判定、存储功能模块调用及特定数据格式输出等。通过逐一实现上述软件功能,最终本文装置具备了对外输出带有时标的负荷端口实测扰动数据的核心基本功能。5)在装置配套软、硬件研发工作完成后,为了进一步测试装置整机性能,本文利用ADPSS平台、TIMER-007、便携式服务器等实验室现有的试验仪器设备模拟常规式变电站实际工况环境搭建了相应的仿真测试环境。继而通过在便携式服务器上搭建IEEE电力系统14节点仿真接线图,并将其作为仿真任务提交至ADPSS平台开展数字仿真,从而得到输出与常规式变电站二次系统相同电压等级的模拟电气量信号。接着利用本文所研制的装置开展数据采集工作并通过对装置实测数据进行指标精度评估,本文得出了该装置主要技术指标特性为:幅值误差均值5%,、相位误差均值0.3°、总谐波失真0.13%;与此同时,通过对单相故障、两相故障等典型数据开展负荷建模试验,本文还得出了上述典型算例下,以装置实测故障数据作为输入样本数据来开展负荷建模试验所得模型的负荷特性吻合度误差7.5%满足了课题甲方单位的项目验收标准。最后,综合以上测试结论,本文得出了本课题所研制的“面向负荷建模的现场数据采集记录装置”不仅具备为负荷建模计算提供有效输入样本数据的实用资质,而且还具有实测数据精度高、可靠性好、易操作易使用等主要技术特点。
[Abstract]:Due to the lack of effective load model can accurately simulate the actual load characteristics of power system, the load model used in the current power system digital simulation precision is still relatively rough, so that the accuracy of power system simulation in the interconnected power system under the background of the research results is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, now the lack of accuracy of the load model has seriously restrict the further development of China's power industry. However, because the measurement method is the most effective method of load modeling, development of field data acquisition and recording device for this kind of modeling method which can provide high precision input plenty of sample data for load modeling, load modeling technology in order to promote gradually perfect, to ensure the future of China's power industry, has important practical significance to the healthy development. Therefore, this paper The measurement method of the actual application needs, committed to the development of a data collecting recording device for conventional substation, in order to achieve the load modeling of the preparatory work, the work of the massive acquisition of high precision measurement data provide objective high reliability of the system level solutions. The main contents are as follows structure: 1) for the two system of conventional substation and interface characteristics, based on the analysis of the current system design method of field data acquisition device used in power system load modeling and performance requirements, this paper put forward a method for realizing the design of conventional substation busbar electric quantity data acquisition model field data acquisition and recording the device, and expounds the working principle and process of data stream processing and the method under the device within a specific core function module. Through the discussion of the design method of the key technology in the above method, the feasibility of the implementation of the.2 method developed in this paper demonstrates the above device scheme through technical evaluation index), this paper established the device measured data in its amplitude error 5%, phase shift error of 5 degrees, 1% of the total harmonic distortion of the premise, by taking the difference equations of load model using the corresponding optimization algorithm of load modeling, the load characteristics of the models with error can be controlled within 10%. Therefore, in this series of technical requirements, combined with the basic functional requirements of field data acquisition and recording equipment in power system, this paper designs and implements the front-end signal conditioning circuit includes a set of analog anti aliasing filter, data acquisition card, photoelectric conversion circuit, GPS signal receiver clock synchronization, the main control unit, level conversion circuit and power supply device The eight main hardware part, can be used in the field of conventional substation data acquisition hardware platform, provides strong technical support for the design and development of the.3 device software) for substation clock synchronization method, combined with the specific characteristics of the hardware platform has been realized, this paper further studies the IRIG-B code, commonly used software decoding method of clock synchronization of GPS power system, adaptive synchronization mode switching strategy, time scale and upload data sampling control method to realize the details of key technologies in the design of device driver software software. And finally the use of Verilog hardware description language to realize one by one and the technical method of integration, in particular in the process of integration, not only optimize the configuration register of timing constraints on specific functions are logically related, improve the supporting software of the device Sampling control.4 software efficiency process of clock synchronization and data reliability) for load modeling for power system voltage drop for this type of fault disturbance data technology is high sensitivity, this paper further studies the design method of software programming set related device based on the method of cross-border protection criterion. In particular to a PCI bus driver the interface, data acquisition and management of event triggered monitoring, data buffer pool database operation based on RS-232 serial software system of the school, determine the validity of cross-border protection method based on data storage function module calls and specific data format output. By realizing the functions of the software, the final device has a load port the measured output with time scale perturbation of the basic functions of the core.5 data) in the device supporting soft, hardware R & D work After the completion, in order to further test the performance of device, using ADPSS platform, TIMER-007 server, portable laboratory test equipment existing in conventional analog substation actual working environment simulation test environment. Then through the corresponding portable server build IEEE 14 node power system simulation diagram, and as simulation the task submitted to the ADPSS platform to carry out digital simulation to get the analog electrical signals of the same voltage level of two times the system output and the conventional substation. Then use the device developed in this paper to carry out data collection and the indicators to assess the accuracy of device data, this paper concludes that the main technical indicators of characteristics of the device is that the amplitude error of mean 5%, the mean phase error of 0.3 degrees, the total harmonic distortion is 0.13%; at the same time, based on the single-phase fault, two-phase fault code etc. Carry out the test data of load modeling, this paper also made the typical example, the actual fault data as the load device to carry out load modeling tests of the model input sample data to fit 7.5% error meet the acceptance criteria for the project. The project party units, the above test results, this paper draws the subject developed "for load modeling field data acquisition and recording device not only has to load modeling calculation to provide effective input data and practical qualifications, but also has the data of high precision, good reliability, easy to operate and easy to use features.

【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM63;TP274.2

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