经济学视角的制度比较：可再生能源组合标准和上网电价补贴

发布时间：2018-01-19 02:36

本文关键词： 可再生能源组合标准上网电价补贴市场垄断程度经济自由度市场规模　出处：《复旦大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：可再生能源一直是能源领域乃至整个经济体系的一个重要话题,而两种促进可再生能源发展的制度,即可再生能源组合标准和上网电价补贴之间的比较也引起了很多能源经济领域学者的兴趣。由于制度比较问题难以量化,之前研究的主要方法是定性研究。但也有少数学者运用数学手段,比如Witzman(1974)证明了可再生能源的某些数学特征,比如曲率,会对这两种制度的比较结果产生影响。本文的特点是采用了一定的定量分析技术,而研究的重点也放在了一些市场特征对制度比较结果的影响。首先是在经济学分析部分,引入斯塔科尔伯格模型,并设定模型的初始参与者包括政府和两个厂商,因而模型包括两步博弈,第一步是领导者厂商和追随者厂商的博弈,第二步是政府和领导者厂商的博弈。并且结合经济学的定性分析方法,本文认为上网电价补贴在引入市场新进入者方面有很多的优势,因而静态的来看,这种制度在促进可再生能源发展方面更有优势。另外,本文还认为,一些市场特征,包括经济自由度、垄断程度以及市场规模可能对制度的效果产生影响。在实证分析部分,笔者使用了欧盟的面板数据,对在经济学分析部分的结论进行了验证。实证结果表明：第一,上网电价补贴至少在八年的时间跨度内是优于可再生能源组合标准的；第二,市场自由度和市场规模与可再生能源发展存在正相关的关系,并且后者的结果是稳健的；第三,市场垄断程度越高就越有利于可再生能源组合标准发挥效力,而对上网电价补贴效力的影响则相反。在政策建议部分,笔者结合中国的现实情况和本文的研究结果,认为中国应该以上网电价补贴制度为主要支持政策,而可再生能源组合标准为辅助支持政策。
[Abstract]:Renewable energy has always been an important topic in the field of energy and even the whole economic system, and two systems to promote the development of renewable energy. The comparison between renewable energy combination standards and tariff subsidies has also attracted the interest of many scholars in the field of energy economics. It is difficult to quantify the problem of institutional comparison. The main method of previous research is qualitative research, but a few scholars use mathematical methods, such as Witzmang 1974, to prove certain mathematical characteristics of renewable energy, such as curvature. Will have an impact on the results of the two systems. The characteristics of this paper is the use of a certain quantitative analysis technology. The focus of the study is also on the impact of some market characteristics on the results of institutional comparison. Firstly, in the part of economic analysis, the Stackelberg model is introduced. And the initial participants of the model include the government and two manufacturers, so the model includes two stages of game, the first step is the game between the leader firm and the follower firm. The second step is the game between the government and the leading manufacturer. And combined with the qualitative analysis method of economics, this paper thinks that the subsidies of Internet electricity price have a lot of advantages in introducing new entrants to the market, so it can be seen statically. This system has more advantages in promoting the development of renewable energy. In addition, this paper also believes that some market characteristics, including economic freedom. The degree of monopoly and market size may have an impact on the effectiveness of the system. In the empirical analysis, the author uses the panel data of the European Union. The conclusions in the part of economic analysis are verified. The empirical results show that: first, the subsidy of electricity price is superior to the renewable energy combination standard in at least eight years; Second, there is a positive correlation between the market freedom and market size and the development of renewable energy, and the results of the latter are robust; Third, the higher the degree of market monopoly, the more conducive to the effectiveness of renewable energy portfolio standards, while the opposite effect on the effectiveness of electricity price subsidies on the Internet. In the policy recommendations section. Combined with the reality of China and the research results of this paper, the author thinks that China should take the electricity price subsidy system as the main supporting policy, and the renewable energy mix standard as the supplementary support policy.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61;F812.45

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